Ingénierie des réservoirs

Delphi Technique

La Technique Delphi : Une Approche Consensuelle pour l'Estimation Pétrolière et Gazière

Dans le monde complexe et imprévisible du pétrole et du gaz, une estimation précise est primordiale. Des coûts de forage aux réserves de gisements, des décisions éclairées reposent sur des chiffres fiables. La **Technique Delphi** offre une approche structurée pour y parvenir, en exploitant la sagesse collective des experts à travers une série de consultations itératives.

**Qu'est-ce que la Technique Delphi ?**

La Technique Delphi est une méthode de prévision conçue pour parvenir à un consensus en sollicitant des contributions anonymes d'un panel d'experts. Elle implique plusieurs cycles de questions et de retours d'information, permettant aux experts d'affiner leurs évaluations individuelles tout en restant informés de la perspective globale du groupe.

**Fonctionnement dans le domaine pétrolier et gazier :**

  1. **Sélection des experts :** Un panel d'experts possédant une expertise pertinente dans le domaine spécifique (par exemple, l'ingénierie des réservoirs, le forage, l'économie) est soigneusement sélectionné.
  2. **Questionnaire initial :** Le facilitateur envoie un questionnaire à chaque expert, demandant ses estimations ou prédictions individuelles sur le sujet en question.
  3. **Retour d'information et affinement :** Le facilitateur compile les réponses, anonymisant les contributions individuelles. Les experts sont ensuite confrontés à la réponse globale du groupe et ont la possibilité de revoir leurs propres estimations en fonction des connaissances collectives.
  4. **Cycles itératifs :** Ce processus de retour d'information et d'affinement se répète pendant plusieurs cycles jusqu'à ce qu'un consensus émerge. L'estimation consensuelle finale représente la sagesse collective du panel d'experts, tempérée par les informations acquises au cours du processus itératif.

**Avantages dans le domaine pétrolier et gazier :**

  • **Minimise les biais :** L'anonymat élimine la pensée de groupe et la pression à la conformité, permettant aux experts d'exprimer leurs opinions indépendantes sans crainte de jugement.
  • **Améliore la précision :** En affinant itérativement les estimations, la technique intègre l'expérience et les connaissances collectives du groupe d'experts, conduisant à des prévisions plus précises.
  • **Facilite le consensus :** Le processus itératif encourage le dialogue et la compréhension, favorisant une compréhension partagée des défis et des incertitudes.
  • **Rentable :** La Technique Delphi est relativement peu coûteuse par rapport à d'autres méthodes qui nécessitent une collecte de données ou des études de terrain exhaustives.

**Applications dans le domaine pétrolier et gazier :**

  • **Estimation des taux de production :** La prévision précise de la production future d'un puits ou d'un champ est essentielle pour les décisions d'investissement.
  • **Prévision des coûts d'exploration :** La technique Delphi peut aider à estimer le coût des activités de forage et d'exploration, éclairant ainsi les stratégies d'investissement.
  • **Évaluation des réserves de gisements :** Déterminer la quantité de pétrole et de gaz récupérables dans un gisement est crucial pour la planification de projet et l'analyse de rentabilité.
  • **Évaluation de l'adoption de technologies :** Évaluer la faisabilité et l'impact potentiel de nouvelles technologies dans l'industrie pétrolière et gazière.

**Conclusion :**

La Technique Delphi offre un outil précieux pour la prise de décision dans l'industrie pétrolière et gazière. En combinant les connaissances d'experts avec un processus structuré, elle aide à surmonter les défis de l'incertitude et de la complexité, favorisant des estimations plus éclairées et plus précises. De l'exploration à la production, la Technique Delphi permet aux parties prenantes du secteur pétrolier et gazier de prendre des décisions éclairées en s'appuyant sur la sagesse collective.


Test Your Knowledge

Quiz: Delphi Technique in Oil & Gas

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the primary goal of the Delphi Technique? a) To identify the most influential expert in a field. b) To reach a consensus view among experts on a specific topic. c) To gather data for statistical analysis. d) To conduct a survey of industry trends.

Answer

The correct answer is **b) To reach a consensus view among experts on a specific topic.**

2. What is a key advantage of the Delphi Technique? a) It eliminates all potential biases in expert opinions. b) It provides a definitive and absolute answer to any question. c) It minimizes groupthink and pressure to conform. d) It guarantees the accuracy of forecasts.

Answer

The correct answer is **c) It minimizes groupthink and pressure to conform.**

3. Which of the following is NOT a typical application of the Delphi Technique in oil and gas? a) Predicting the price of oil in the next five years. b) Estimating production rates from a new oil well. c) Assessing the feasibility of a new drilling technology. d) Determining the amount of recoverable oil in a reservoir.

Answer

The correct answer is **a) Predicting the price of oil in the next five years.** While Delphi can be used to estimate cost and production related to oil, predicting market fluctuations is beyond its scope.

4. How does the Delphi Technique work? a) Experts gather in a single meeting to discuss and reach a consensus. b) Experts are interviewed individually and their responses are aggregated. c) Experts complete questionnaires in multiple rounds with feedback and revisions. d) Experts use computer simulations to generate forecasts.

Answer

The correct answer is **c) Experts complete questionnaires in multiple rounds with feedback and revisions.**

5. What is the role of anonymity in the Delphi Technique? a) To protect the identities of experts from the public. b) To ensure the confidentiality of data collected from experts. c) To allow experts to express their opinions freely without fear of judgment. d) To prevent experts from influencing each other's opinions.

Answer

The correct answer is **c) To allow experts to express their opinions freely without fear of judgment.**

Exercise: Applying the Delphi Technique

Scenario: Your company is considering investing in a new offshore oil drilling project. You need to estimate the potential costs associated with drilling and setting up the rig.

Task: Imagine you are the facilitator for a Delphi Technique session to estimate drilling and rig setup costs for the project.

  1. Identify: List three types of experts you would include in the Delphi panel.
  2. Outline: Write a brief initial questionnaire with at least three questions related to cost estimation for the project.
  3. Describe: Explain how you would provide feedback to the experts after the first round of responses.

Exercice Correction

This is just one possible approach to the exercise, and your answers might vary depending on your specific project details.

1. Expert Identification: * Drilling Engineers: Expertise in drilling operations, equipment, and costs. * Offshore Construction Experts: Knowledge of rig setup, infrastructure, and related expenses. * Financial Analysts: Understanding of market conditions, material costs, and financial modeling.

2. Initial Questionnaire: 1. What is your estimated cost per meter drilled for this specific offshore drilling project, taking into account water depth, geological conditions, and equipment requirements? 2. Estimate the cost of installing the rig and associated infrastructure (e.g., pipelines, platforms) for this project. 3. What are the potential factors that could significantly impact the overall project cost (e.g., regulatory approvals, weather conditions, unexpected geological features)?

3. Feedback Description: After the first round, I would anonymize the responses and present a summary of the group's cost estimates, highlighting the range of estimates and any significant variations in opinion. I would also provide a brief overview of the identified potential cost drivers. This feedback would allow experts to refine their estimates based on the collective knowledge and adjust their cost projections if needed.


Books

  • "Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications" by Harold Linstone and Murray Turoff (1975): A foundational text on the Delphi technique, covering its history, methodology, and applications across various fields.
  • "Forecasting: Principles and Applications" by Spyros Makridakis, Steven Wheelwright, and Rob Hyndman (1998): Includes a dedicated chapter on the Delphi technique, explaining its application in forecasting and its advantages compared to other methods.
  • "Strategic Management of Oil and Gas Resources: A Practical Guide" by John R. McMillan (2015): Discusses the Delphi technique within the context of resource estimation and decision-making in the oil and gas industry.

Articles

  • "The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications" by Linstone, H.A. and Turoff, M. (1975): A seminal article outlining the methodology and applications of the Delphi technique.
  • "The Delphi Method: A Critical Appraisal" by Rowe, G. and Wright, G. (1999): Provides a comprehensive review of the Delphi technique, discussing its strengths, weaknesses, and potential biases.
  • "Using the Delphi Technique to Forecast Oil and Gas Production" by S.M. Gharibzadeh et al. (2012): A case study demonstrating the application of the Delphi technique for forecasting oil and gas production from a specific reservoir.

Online Resources

  • "Delphi Method" - Wikipedia: A comprehensive overview of the Delphi technique, covering its history, methodology, advantages, disadvantages, and applications.
  • "The Delphi Method: A Comprehensive Guide" by Decision-Making & Problem-Solving: A detailed guide to the Delphi technique, including its steps, advantages, and examples.
  • "How to Use the Delphi Technique" by MindTools: A practical guide on how to implement the Delphi technique, with tips for selecting experts and facilitating the process.

Search Tips

  • "Delphi Technique oil & gas": This search will return relevant articles and resources specific to the use of the Delphi technique in the oil and gas industry.
  • "Delphi Method application reservoir estimation": This search will help you find resources focusing on the application of the Delphi technique for estimating oil and gas reserves.
  • "Delphi Technique case study production forecasting": This search will provide you with case studies demonstrating the application of the Delphi technique for forecasting oil and gas production.

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