Forage et complétion de puits

make up

"Make Up" dans le forage et l'achèvement de puits : un terme aux multiples facettes

Dans le monde du forage et de l'achèvement de puits, le terme "make up" (ou "faire le montage") revêt une étonnante variété de significations. Bien qu'il paraisse simple, il englobe souvent des tâches essentielles qui contribuent au bon fonctionnement et au succès d'un projet de puits. Plongeons dans les différentes façons dont "make up" est utilisé :

1. Assemblage et jonction : construire les fondations

La signification la plus courante de "make up" en forage est d'assembler et de joindre des pièces pour former une unité complète. Cela peut être observé dans divers scénarios :

  • Montage de tiges de forage : Connecter des sections individuelles de tiges de forage les unes aux autres, formant une longue chaîne continue pour atteindre la profondeur cible.
  • Assemblage de tubages ou de revêtements : Relier des sections individuelles de tubages ou de revêtements pour créer une structure de puits solide pour la production.
  • Monter un collier de forage : Connecter des colliers lourds à la chaîne de forage pour ajouter du poids et appliquer une pression sur la formation.

2. Filetage et serrage : garantir des connexions sécurisées

Un autre aspect essentiel de "make up" consiste à visser ensemble deux pièces filetées. Il s'agit d'un processus minutieux qui nécessite souvent du matériel et des procédures spécialisés :

  • Relier les joints de tiges de forage : Chaque section de tige de forage comporte des extrémités filetées mâle et femelle qui sont soigneusement vissées ensemble.
  • Installer des tubages ou des revêtements : De même, les sections de tubages et de revêtements sont reliées par des filetages, ce qui garantit une connexion sécurisée et étanche.
  • Assembler des outils de fond de trou : De nombreux outils de fond de trou, tels que les mèches, les stabilisateurs et les obturateurs, sont assemblés à l'aide de connexions filetées.

3. Mélange et préparation : l'art de la formulation

Dans certains contextes, "make up" fait référence au mélange ou à la préparation d'une substance à des fins spécifiques.

  • Préparation du réservoir de boue : Un fluide de forage (boue) est méticuleusement mélangé et préparé dans un réservoir pour obtenir les propriétés souhaitées pour le forage.
  • Préparation de la boue de ciment : Le ciment est mélangé à de l'eau et des additifs pour former une boue qui se solidifiera et créera un joint permanent dans le puits.
  • Préparation des traitements chimiques : Divers produits chimiques sont mélangés et préparés pour des applications spécifiques dans le puits, comme des inhibiteurs de corrosion ou des biocides.

4. Compensation des retards : respecter le calendrier

Enfin, "make up" peut également signifier compenser le temps perdu ou les déficiences.

  • Compenser le temps de forage perdu : En raison de circonstances imprévues, telles que des pannes d'équipement ou des retards, les équipes peuvent avoir besoin de travailler des heures supplémentaires ou d'optimiser les opérations de forage pour récupérer le temps perdu.
  • Compenser un poids de tubage insuffisant : Dans les situations où la conception initiale du tubage ne répond pas aux exigences de résistance nécessaires, du tubage supplémentaire peut être ajouté pour compenser.
  • Compenser des mesures de contrôle de puits inadéquates : Si un puits présente des problèmes de pression ou de débit inattendus, des précautions de sécurité supplémentaires ou une intervention peuvent être nécessaires pour "compenser" la déficience.

Démontage vs. Montage : l'inverse

Contrairement à "make up", qui signifie assemblage et connexion, "breakout" (ou "démontage") implique le démontage et la séparation des pièces. Il est essentiel pendant les opérations de démontage, de récupération des équipements du puits et de préparation de la prochaine étape du travail.

Conclusion

Le terme "make up" est essentiel au langage du forage et de l'achèvement de puits, représentant un ensemble diversifié d'actions et de procédures qui sont essentielles au succès des opérations de puits. Comprendre les différentes significations de "make up" est essentiel pour la communication et la garantie d'un flux de travail fluide et efficace dans l'industrie pétrolière et gazière.

Test Your Knowledge

Quiz: "Make Up" in Drilling & Well Completion

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. Which of these is NOT an example of "make up" in the sense of assembling and joining parts?

a) Connecting sections of drill pipe.

AnswerThis is a common example of "make up" in the sense of assembling and joining parts.
b) Assembling a casing string.
AnswerThis is a common example of "make up" in the sense of assembling and joining parts.
c) Mixing drilling mud in a mud tank.
AnswerThis is an example of "make up" in the sense of mixing and preparing a substance.
d) Installing a downhole packer.
AnswerThis is a common example of "make up" in the sense of assembling and joining parts.

2. "Making up" a threaded connection usually involves:

a) Using a wrench to tighten the parts.

AnswerThis is the primary method for securing threaded connections.
b) Welding the parts together.
AnswerWelding is not typically used to join threaded connections in drilling.
c) Using a hydraulic jack to press the parts together.
AnswerHydraulic jacks are used for other tasks, not typically for threaded connections.
d) Using a specialized adhesive to bond the parts.
AnswerAdhesive is not commonly used to join threaded connections in drilling.

3. What is an example of "make up" in the sense of mixing and preparing a substance?

a) Connecting a drill bit to the drill string.

AnswerThis is an example of "make up" in the sense of assembling and joining parts.
b) Preparing a cement slurry for wellbore cementing.
AnswerThis is an example of "make up" in the sense of mixing and preparing a substance.
c) Stringing up drill pipe for a drilling operation.
AnswerThis is an example of "make up" in the sense of assembling and joining parts.
d) Installing a Christmas tree on a wellhead.
AnswerThis is an example of "make up" in the sense of assembling and joining parts.

4. "Making up" for lost drilling time could involve:

a) Replacing a faulty drill bit.

AnswerThis is a necessary action, but not directly related to "making up" for lost time.
b) Working extra hours to catch up on schedule.
AnswerThis is a common strategy for "making up" for lost time.
c) Adding additional casing to the wellbore.
AnswerThis is not directly related to "making up" for lost time.
d) Increasing the weight on the drill string.
AnswerThis is a drilling technique and not directly related to "making up" for lost time.

5. What is the opposite of "make up" in the context of drilling and well completion?

a) "Breakout"

AnswerThis is the correct opposite term, signifying disassembly and separation.
b) "Take apart"
AnswerWhile similar, "breakout" is more specific to drilling and well completion.
c) "Disconnect"
AnswerThis is a more general term and not as specific to drilling operations.
d) "Remove"
AnswerThis is a general term and not as specific to drilling operations.

Exercise: "Make Up" Scenario

Scenario: A drilling crew is preparing to run a new string of casing into the wellbore. The casing is delivered in 30-foot sections, and the crew needs to connect these sections together to form a complete casing string.

Task: Describe the steps involved in "making up" the casing string. Be sure to include the tools and equipment that would be used, and any safety precautions that need to be considered.

Exercice CorrectionHere are the steps involved in "making up" the casing string:

  1. Inspect the casing sections: Before connecting, each section should be thoroughly inspected for damage, wear, or defects.
  2. Prepare the casing ends: Clean the male and female threads on the ends of the casing sections using appropriate tools like a wire brush or thread cleaner.
  3. Align the casing sections: Position the sections so the male and female threads align correctly.
  4. Apply thread compound: Apply a thread compound to the male threads to prevent galling and ensure a smooth, secure connection.
  5. Connect the sections: Use a casing tongs or other specialized equipment to turn the male end of one section into the female end of the other.
  6. Torque the connection: Tighten the connection to the specified torque value using a torque wrench. Ensure proper tension is applied for a secure fit.
  7. Visual inspection: After tightening, visually inspect the connection for any leaks, gaps, or misalignments.
  8. Repeat for each section: Continue the above steps to connect all the casing sections until the complete string is assembled.

Tools and equipment:

  • Casing tongs
  • Torque wrench
  • Thread compound
  • Wire brush or thread cleaner

Safety precautions:

  • Wear appropriate safety gear, including hardhat, safety glasses, and gloves.
  • Ensure the casing sections are properly supported and secured during the "make up" process.
  • Be aware of the weight and potential hazards associated with handling heavy casing sections.
  • Use proper lifting techniques and equipment to prevent injuries.
  • Never stand directly beneath a suspended casing section.
  • Always follow the drilling company's safety protocols.

Books

  • Drilling Engineering: A Complete Well Construction Manual by Robert J. Rosato: Offers comprehensive coverage of drilling operations, including detailed explanations of various "make up" processes.
  • Well Completion Engineering by G.B. Asheim: This book focuses on the completion phase of well construction, with sections dedicated to "make up" techniques for casing, tubing, and downhole equipment.
  • Drilling and Well Completion Engineering: A Practical Guide by R.G. Hughes: Provides a practical understanding of drilling and completion processes, covering "make up" procedures for different tools and components.

Articles

  • "Make Up vs. Break Out: A Glossary for Drilling and Completion" by [Author Name] (Search relevant industry journals and websites like SPE, SPEE, and other technical publications)
  • "The Importance of Proper Make Up Procedures in Drilling" by [Author Name] (Search online databases like ScienceDirect, JSTOR, and Google Scholar for relevant articles)
  • "Understanding the Role of Make Up in Cementing Operations" by [Author Name] (Focus on articles discussing cementing and its relation to "make up" procedures)

Online Resources

  • Drilling & Completion Resources: Schlumberger (https://www.slb.com/services/drilling-and-well-completion): Provides various technical resources and articles on drilling and completion procedures, including information on "make up."
  • Baker Hughes: Drilling & Completion (https://www.bakerhughes.com/products-services/drilling-and-completion): Offers extensive resources on drilling and completion technologies, with sections dedicated to "make up" techniques and equipment.
  • Halliburton: Drilling & Completion (https://www.halliburton.com/industries/oil-and-gas/drilling-and-completion): Provides information on various drilling and completion services and technologies, potentially including information on "make up."

Search Tips

  • Use specific search terms: "make up drilling," "make up well completion," "make up casing," "make up tubing," "make up drill pipe," "make up mud," "make up cement," "make up tools," etc.
  • Combine keywords: "make up procedures drilling," "make up techniques well completion," "make up equipment," etc.
  • Specify industry: "make up oil and gas," "make up drilling industry," "make up well completion industry," etc.
  • Utilize quotation marks: "make up" to find exact matches of the term.
  • Use advanced search operators: "site:slb.com make up," "site:bakerhughes.com make up," etc. to target specific websites.
  • Explore forums and Q&A platforms: Websites like Reddit's r/PetroleumEngineering or other industry forums may provide answers and discussions related to "make up" in drilling and completion.

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