Heat Transfer Coefficient

Incorrect. The HTC represents the rate of heat transfer.

Incorrect. The HTC represents the rate of heat transfer, not the resistance.

Correct. The HTC quantifies the rate of heat transfer.

Incorrect. The temperature difference is a factor influencing HTC, but not the HTC itself.

Incorrect. Fluid viscosity affects the HTC.

Incorrect. Pipe material influences heat conduction.

Correct. Pipeline diameter is not a direct factor influencing HTC. It might impact the heat transfer area, but not the coefficient itself.

Incorrect. Surrounding environment temperature significantly impacts HTC.

Incorrect. Conduction involves heat transfer through direct contact.

Correct. Convection relies on fluid movement for heat transfer.

Incorrect. Radiation involves heat transfer through electromagnetic waves.

Incorrect. Only convection involves fluid movement.

Incorrect. Material strength is not directly related to HTC.

Correct. Understanding HTC allows for efficient energy management.

Incorrect. HTC helps prevent corrosion, which can extend lifespan, but doesn't directly calculate it.

Incorrect. Flow rate is influenced by factors beyond HTC.

Incorrect. Calculating HTC involves complex models.

Incorrect. While some measurements are used, complex models are necessary for accurate HTC calculation.

Correct. Specialized software is often used for HTC calculations.

Incorrect. Empirical data can be used as a reference, but complex models are necessary for accurate calculation.

Here's a possible solution:

1. Key Factors:

• Crude oil properties: The viscosity of the crude oil directly affects the heat transfer coefficient. Higher viscosity leads to lower HTC as it slows down the heat transfer process.
• Pipe material and thickness: The type of pipe material (steel, for instance) and its thickness influence the heat conduction through the pipe. Thicker pipes with higher thermal conductivity will have higher HTC.
• Soil temperature: The temperature difference between the hot oil and the surrounding soil is a major factor influencing the HTC. A greater temperature difference will result in a higher HTC.

2. Influence on HTC:

• Crude oil viscosity: The high viscosity of the crude oil (10 cP) will tend to lower the HTC, making heat loss slower.
• Pipe material and thickness: The choice of pipe material and its thickness will affect the rate of heat conduction from the oil through the pipe and into the soil.
• Soil temperature: The 70°C temperature difference between the hot oil and the soil will lead to a relatively high HTC, making heat loss more significant.

Note: The exercise is designed to encourage critical thinking about the factors affecting HTC. Specific calculations are not required for this exercise.