Cost Estimation & Control

Estimate at Completion ("EAC")

Understanding Estimate at Completion (EAC): A Crucial Tool for Project Success

In the dynamic world of project management, accurate cost forecasting is essential for making informed decisions and ensuring project success. One key metric used in this process is the Estimate at Completion (EAC). This article dives into the concept of EAC, its significance, and how it's calculated.

What is Estimate at Completion (EAC)?

In simple terms, EAC is the predicted total cost of a project by the time it is completed. It's a crucial figure for both project managers and stakeholders, providing a realistic view of the financial implications of the project.

Why is EAC Important?

  • Budget Control: EAC helps identify potential cost overruns or savings early in the project lifecycle, allowing for timely adjustments and corrective actions.
  • Resource Allocation: Knowing the projected final cost enables efficient allocation of resources, ensuring that sufficient funds are available for the remaining project activities.
  • Decision Making: Informed decisions regarding project scope, timelines, and resource allocation can be made based on the EAC, minimizing risks and maximizing project success.

Calculating EAC:

The calculation of EAC involves analyzing historical data and making adjustments based on current project performance. Several methods are employed:

  • EAC = AC + ETC: This approach adds the actual cost incurred to date (AC) to the estimated cost of completing the remaining work (ETC). This assumes that the project will continue at its current performance level.
  • EAC = BAC – CV: This method subtracts the cumulative variance (CV) from the budgeted at completion (BAC), providing a more refined estimate.
  • EAC = (BAC * AC) / EV: This formula uses the earned value (EV) and the actual cost (AC) to calculate a weighted average, taking into account project performance to date.

Factors Influencing EAC:

  • Project Performance: Actual progress made on the project, including delays or efficiency gains.
  • Risk Assessment: Identifying and evaluating potential risks, such as budget constraints, resource limitations, or unforeseen issues.
  • Changes in Scope: Modifications to the project scope can significantly impact EAC, necessitating recalculations.

EAC in Action:

Consider a project with a budget of $1 million. After two months, the actual cost is $400,000, and the earned value is $350,000. The project manager estimates that the remaining work will cost $500,000.

Using the EAC formula (AC + ETC), the EAC would be $400,000 + $500,000 = $900,000. This indicates that the project is currently under budget.

Conclusion:

EAC is a vital tool in project management, providing valuable insights into the projected final cost. By using different calculation methods and considering factors like project performance and risk, accurate and reliable EACs can be generated, enabling effective cost control, resource allocation, and informed decision-making throughout the project lifecycle.


Test Your Knowledge

Quiz on Estimate at Completion (EAC)

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What does EAC stand for?

a) Estimated At Completion b) Estimate At Close c) Estimate and Completion d) Expected At Completion

Answer

a) Estimated At Completion

2. What is the primary purpose of EAC?

a) To track the progress of a project b) To estimate the total cost of a project at completion c) To determine the project's profitability d) To allocate resources to different project tasks

Answer

b) To estimate the total cost of a project at completion

3. Which of these is NOT a factor influencing EAC?

a) Project performance b) Risk assessment c) Project team size d) Changes in scope

Answer

c) Project team size

4. Which EAC calculation method is considered the most refined?

a) EAC = AC + ETC b) EAC = BAC – CV c) EAC = (BAC * AC) / EV d) EAC = BAC + AC

Answer

b) EAC = BAC – CV

5. A project has a budget of $500,000. After 3 months, the actual cost is $200,000, and the earned value is $150,000. Using the EAC formula (BAC * AC) / EV, what is the estimated total cost of the project?

a) $666,667 b) $500,000 c) $333,333 d) $200,000

Answer

a) $666,667

Exercise on Estimate at Completion (EAC)

Scenario:

A software development project has a budget of $1,000,000. After 4 months, the actual cost is $400,000, and the earned value is $350,000. The project manager estimates that the remaining work will cost $600,000.

Task:

  1. Calculate the EAC using the formula: EAC = AC + ETC
  2. Calculate the EAC using the formula: EAC = BAC – CV
  3. Explain which method provides a more accurate estimate in this scenario and why.

Exercise Correction

1. EAC = AC + ETC * EAC = $400,000 + $600,000 = $1,000,000

2. EAC = BAC – CV * CV (Cumulative Variance) = EV – AC = $350,000 - $400,000 = -$50,000 * EAC = $1,000,000 - (-$50,000) = $1,050,000

3. Explanation:

The EAC calculated using EAC = BAC – CV is more accurate in this scenario. This is because it considers the negative variance between the earned value and the actual cost. The project is currently over budget, and the EAC = BAC – CV reflects this by providing a higher estimate than the EAC = AC + ETC method.


Books

  • A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide): The PMBOK Guide, published by the Project Management Institute (PMI), is the foundational text for project management. It provides a comprehensive overview of project management methodologies, including cost management and EAC. https://www.pmi.org/
  • Project Management for Dummies: This book provides a simplified and accessible guide to project management principles, including cost estimation and EAC. https://www.dummies.com/
  • Effective Project Management: Traditional, Agile, and Hybrid Approaches: This book offers in-depth insights into project management practices, covering topics like cost control, EAC calculation, and risk mitigation. https://www.amazon.com/Effective-Project-Management-Traditional-Hybrid-Approaches/dp/1119488374

Articles

  • "Estimate at Completion (EAC): A Comprehensive Guide" by ProjectManagement.com: This article provides a detailed explanation of EAC, including its importance, calculation methods, and best practices. https://www.projectmanagement.com/
  • "Understanding Estimate at Completion (EAC) and its Importance" by Planview: This article discusses the significance of EAC in project management and outlines various EAC calculation techniques. https://www.planview.com/
  • "Estimate at Completion (EAC) - Definition, Methods, and Calculation" by Simplilearn: This article covers the definition, calculation methods, and factors influencing EAC. https://www.simplilearn.com/

Online Resources

  • Project Management Institute (PMI) website: The PMI website offers numerous resources, including articles, webinars, and training materials, related to project management concepts and practices, including EAC. https://www.pmi.org/
  • Project Management Tools: Various project management tools, such as Microsoft Project, Asana, and Jira, offer features for cost management, EAC calculation, and reporting.
  • Online Project Management Blogs and Forums: Many online platforms, such as ProjectManagement.com, PMhut, and Reddit's r/projectmanagement, provide discussions and insights into project management topics, including EAC.

Search Tips

  • Use specific keywords like "Estimate at Completion definition," "EAC calculation methods," or "factors affecting EAC" to narrow down your search results.
  • Include relevant keywords related to your specific project context, such as "software development EAC" or "construction project EAC."
  • Explore "Advanced Search" options on Google to refine your search results by using specific filters like file type, language, and date range.
  • Consider using quotation marks around keywords to find exact matches.
  • Use question words like "how to calculate EAC" or "what is EAC in project management" to find informational articles.

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