Dans le monde de l'exploration pétrolière et gazière, le forage d'un puits est une entreprise complexe et coûteuse. Parfois, des circonstances imprévues peuvent entraîner des complications qui rendent le puits initial inutilisable. C'est là qu'intervient la **déviation** - une technique qui permet aux ingénieurs de forage de sauver la situation et de poursuivre leur quête d'hydrocarbures.
**Qu'est-ce que la déviation ?**
La déviation fait référence au processus de forage d'un nouveau puits, appelé **déviation**, à partir d'un puits existant. Cette technique est généralement utilisée lorsque le puits initial rencontre :
**Types de déviation :**
Il existe deux principaux types de déviation :
**Pourquoi choisir la déviation ?**
La déviation offre plusieurs avantages par rapport à l'abandon complet du puits initial et à un nouveau départ :
**Les défis de la déviation :**
La déviation n'est pas sans défis :
**Conclusion :**
La déviation est un outil précieux dans l'industrie pétrolière et gazière, offrant une seconde chance d'atteindre de précieuses réserves d'hydrocarbures malgré les défis inattendus rencontrés lors du forage initial. En tirant parti des infrastructures existantes et de l'expertise technique, la déviation offre une solution rentable et efficace pour surmonter les obstacles de forage et maximiser le succès des projets d'exploration.
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is sidetracking in the context of drilling and well completion?
a) Drilling a new wellbore entirely independent of any existing wellbores. b) Drilling a new wellbore from an existing wellbore to reach a different target zone. c) A technique to increase the diameter of an existing wellbore. d) A method used to stabilize the wellbore walls during drilling.
b) Drilling a new wellbore from an existing wellbore to reach a different target zone.
2. Which of the following scenarios is NOT a common reason for using sidetracking?
a) Encountering impenetrable rock layers. b) Successful completion of the initial wellbore. c) Lost circulation of drilling fluid. d) Stuck pipe in the wellbore.
b) Successful completion of the initial wellbore.
3. What is the key difference between conventional and parallel sidetracking?
a) Conventional sidetracking is more expensive. b) Parallel sidetracking is used for deeper targets. c) Conventional sidetracking drills the new wellbore from the bottom of the existing wellbore. d) Parallel sidetracking is less risky than conventional sidetracking.
c) Conventional sidetracking drills the new wellbore from the bottom of the existing wellbore.
4. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using sidetracking?
a) Cost savings compared to completely abandoning the initial wellbore. b) Reduced risk of encountering the same drilling issues. c) Increased efficiency due to the existing wellbore acting as a guide. d) Guaranteed success in reaching the target zone.
d) Guaranteed success in reaching the target zone.
5. What is one of the main challenges associated with sidetracking?
a) The need for specialized equipment. b) The availability of skilled engineers. c) The possibility of encountering unforeseen geological formations. d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Scenario: An oil company is drilling a well to reach a hydrocarbon reservoir at a depth of 10,000 feet. However, at a depth of 6,000 feet, the drill string gets stuck due to a geological formation. The company decides to implement sidetracking.
Task: Describe the two possible types of sidetracking that could be used in this scenario and explain which option would be more suitable and why.
The company could choose between:
1. **Conventional Sidetracking:** Drill a new wellbore from the bottom of the existing wellbore (at 6,000 feet) in a new direction to reach the target reservoir at 10,000 feet.
2. **Parallel Sidetracking:** Drill a new wellbore parallel to the existing wellbore at a shallower depth, aiming to reach the reservoir at a different horizontal position.
In this scenario, **conventional sidetracking** would be more suitable. This is because the objective is to reach the same target reservoir at the same depth. Conventional sidetracking allows for a direct path to the target zone, avoiding the need to re-drill to the same depth as the original wellbore. Parallel sidetracking would be less effective in this case as it would potentially lead to a different horizontal location within the reservoir.
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