Make A Trip

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Faire un "trip" : Une Danse Essentielle dans le Forage et l'Achèvement de Puits

Dans le monde du forage et de l'achèvement de puits, l'expression "faire un trip" désigne une manœuvre cruciale impliquant le retrait et le retour subséquent de la colonne de forage du puits. Ce processus, souvent décrit comme un "aller-retour", est une opération routinière mais essentielle qui sert à diverses fins, notamment :

1. Changer le trépan : Le trépan est le bord tranchant de l'opération de forage. En rencontrant des formations dures, il subit de l'usure et des dommages, nécessitant finalement un remplacement. Un "trip" est nécessaire pour retirer la colonne de forage, enlever le trépan usé et en installer un neuf.

2. Vérifier l'assemblage de fond de trou (BHA) : Le BHA est l'assemblage complexe d'outils et d'équipements situés sous la colonne de forage. Il comprend des composants tels que des stabilisateurs, des colliers de forage et des moteurs de fond de trou, tous conçus pour contrôler le processus de forage. Des vérifications régulières pour l'usure, les dommages ou les problèmes de performance nécessitent un "trip" pour amener le BHA à la surface.

3. Changer les fluides de forage : Pendant le forage, le fluide circulant dans le puits joue un rôle crucial dans le nettoyage des cuttings, le refroidissement du trépan et le maintien de la stabilité du puits. Un "trip" peut être nécessaire pour modifier la formulation ou la densité du fluide de forage, en fonction des formations rencontrées ou pour résoudre des problèmes spécifiques du puits.

4. Poser le tubage ou le liner : Le tubage et le liner sont des tuyaux en acier qui sont cimentés en place pour renforcer le puits, prévenir l'effondrement de la formation et isoler différentes zones. Poser ces tuyaux nécessite un "trip" pour les descendre dans le puits et les cimenter en place.

5. Réaliser des opérations de fond de trou : Diverses opérations de fond de trou, telles que le carottage, la perforation ou la pose d'équipements d'achèvement, nécessitent un "trip" pour descendre ou remonter des outils et équipements spécifiques dans le puits ou hors du puits.

Le processus d'aller-retour :

Faire un trip implique une série d'étapes coordonnées qui exigent une expertise et une précision :

1. Retirer la colonne de forage : La colonne de forage est progressivement retirée du trou à l'aide du treuil et du système de levage.

2. Déconnecter le BHA : Une fois le BHA en surface, il est déconnecté de la colonne de forage. Cela implique de desserrer différentes connexions et de manipuler soigneusement des équipements lourds.

3. Inspection et entretien : Le trépan, les composants du BHA et la colonne de forage sont inspectés pour détecter l'usure et les dommages. Les réparations ou les remplacements nécessaires sont effectués.

4. Préparation pour la re-entrée : Le nouveau trépan ou BHA est connecté à la colonne de forage, et toutes les connexions sont soigneusement vérifiées.

5. Retour au fond : La colonne de forage est soigneusement abaissée dans le trou, le tube de forage étant tourné pour éviter tout blocage ou enchevêtrement.

6. Poser au fond : La colonne de forage est soigneusement abaissée dans le trou, le tube de forage étant tourné pour éviter tout blocage ou enchevêtrement. Le trépan est posé au fond et l'opération de forage reprend.

Faire un trip est un processus complexe et long qui exige une planification minutieuse, une exécution qualifiée et une surveillance constante. L'efficacité de l'opération a un impact direct sur les coûts de forage, les délais du projet et les performances globales du puits. Comprendre les complexités de "faire un trip" est essentiel pour toute personne impliquée dans l'industrie du forage et de l'achèvement de puits.

Test Your Knowledge

Quiz: Making a Trip

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the primary purpose of "making a trip" in drilling and well completion?

a) To add more drill pipe to the drill string. b) To circulate drilling fluid to clean cuttings. c) To remove and replace the drill bit or other downhole equipment. d) To monitor wellbore pressure and temperature.

Answer

c) To remove and replace the drill bit or other downhole equipment.

2. Which of the following is NOT a common reason for making a trip?

a) Changing the drill bit. b) Checking the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA). c) Running casing or liner. d) Injecting cement into the wellbore.

Answer

d) Injecting cement into the wellbore.

3. What is the name of the complex assembly of tools and equipment situated below the drill string?

a) Drill collar b) Drill pipe c) Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) d) Mud motor

Answer

c) Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA)

4. What is the first step involved in making a trip?

a) Disconnecting the BHA from the drill string. b) Preparing the new bit or BHA for re-entry. c) Pulling the drill string out of the hole. d) Inspecting the drill string and BHA for wear and damage.

Answer

c) Pulling the drill string out of the hole.

5. Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the efficiency of making a trip?

a) The type of drilling fluid being used. b) The depth of the wellbore. c) The availability of spare parts and equipment. d) The geological formations encountered.

Answer

a) The type of drilling fluid being used.

Exercise: Planning a Trip

Scenario: A drilling crew is working on a well that has reached a depth of 8,000 feet. The drill bit has become dull and needs to be replaced.

Task: Create a step-by-step plan for making a trip to replace the drill bit. Consider the following factors:

Safety: What safety precautions should be taken during each step?
Time: What are the potential time delays that could occur?
Equipment: What specific equipment will be needed?
Personnel: What roles and responsibilities are involved?

Exercice Correction

Here is a sample plan for making a trip to replace the drill bit:

Step 1: Preparation

Safety: Ensure all safety equipment is available and in good condition (safety glasses, gloves, hard hats, etc.). Review safety procedures with the crew.
Time: Estimate the time required to pull the drill string, disconnect the BHA, and prepare the new bit.
Equipment: Gather the necessary tools and equipment, including the new drill bit, wrenches, torque wrenches, hoisting equipment, and a lifting sling.
Personnel: Assign roles to the crew members, including the driller, tool pusher, floorhand, and other specialists.

Step 2: Pulling the Drill String

Safety: Ensure proper communication and coordination between the driller and the floorhands. Use the drawworks and hoisting system carefully and follow safety procedures for lifting heavy loads.
Time: Factor in the time required to safely pull the drill string.
Equipment: Use the drawworks and hoisting system to gradually pull the drill string out of the hole.
Personnel: The driller controls the drawworks, while the floorhands monitor the drill string and assist with disconnecting the BHA.

Step 3: Disconnecting the BHA

Safety: Use proper lifting techniques and ensure the BHA is properly secured before disconnecting.
Time: Allow sufficient time to carefully disconnect the BHA, ensuring all connections are released safely.
Equipment: Utilize specialized wrenches and torque wrenches to disconnect the BHA from the drill string.
Personnel: Floorhands and tool pushers work together to safely disconnect the BHA.

Step 4: Inspection and Preparation

Safety: Inspect the drill string, BHA, and new drill bit carefully. Wear protective gear during inspection.
Time: Allow for thorough inspection and repair or replacement of any worn or damaged components.
Equipment: Utilize inspection tools and equipment to assess the condition of the BHA and drill string.
Personnel: The tool pusher and other specialists inspect the equipment and make necessary decisions about repairs or replacement.

Step 5: Re-entry and Setting Bottom

Safety: Ensure proper communication and coordination between the driller and floorhands. Use the drawworks and hoisting system carefully and follow safety procedures for lowering heavy loads.
Time: Factor in the time required to safely lower the drill string.
Equipment: Use the drawworks and hoisting system to carefully lower the drill string back into the hole.
Personnel: The driller controls the drawworks, while the floorhands monitor the drill string and assist with setting the bit on bottom.

Step 6: Confirmation and Resumption

Safety: Ensure all connections are secure and there are no leaks or problems with the BHA or drill string.
Time: Allow for a final check before resuming drilling operations.
Equipment: Check all equipment is in good working order.
Personnel: The driller, tool pusher, and floorhands work together to verify the trip is complete and the well is ready for drilling.

Potential Delays:

Mechanical issues with the hoisting system.
Difficulty disconnecting the BHA.
Worn or damaged equipment requiring repairs or replacements.
Unexpected geological formations encountered during the trip.
Safety issues requiring immediate attention.

Note: This plan is a general outline. The specific steps, equipment, and personnel required will vary depending on the type of well, depth, and other factors. Always prioritize safety and consult with qualified professionals for specific instructions and procedures.

Books

Drilling Engineering: Principles and Practices: This comprehensive book covers all aspects of drilling engineering, including "make a trip" operations. It provides detailed explanations of the process, its purpose, and the necessary precautions.
Petroleum Engineering Handbook: Another comprehensive resource, this handbook discusses various drilling and well completion processes, including "make a trip" and its importance in drilling efficiency.
Well Completion Engineering: This book focuses on the completion stage of a well, which includes "make a trip" operations for running casing, liner, and completion equipment.

Articles

"The Importance of Efficient Trip Operations in Drilling" by [Author Name] - A journal article focusing on the cost and time impact of efficient "make a trip" operations and the benefits of optimizing this process.
"Optimizing Trip Times for Enhanced Drilling Efficiency" by [Author Name] - This article discusses various strategies and technologies used to minimize the time required for a "make a trip," improving overall drilling efficiency.
"Downhole Tools and Their Impact on Trip Operations" by [Author Name] - An article exploring the specific challenges and considerations associated with "make a trip" operations related to downhole tools and equipment.

Online Resources

Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE): The SPE website offers a vast collection of technical papers, publications, and online courses related to drilling and well completion, including detailed information on "make a trip" operations.
American Petroleum Institute (API): API provides industry standards and guidelines, including specifications for drilling equipment and procedures, which are relevant to "make a trip" operations.
Oil & Gas Journal: This industry publication offers articles and news related to drilling and well completion, often including discussions on "make a trip" operations and their impact on project outcomes.

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