Forage et complétion de puits

Laying Down Pipe

La pose des tiges : une étape cruciale dans le forage et l'achèvement des puits

Dans le monde dynamique du forage et de l'achèvement des puits, l'efficacité est primordiale. Chaque opération, aussi banale soit-elle, joue un rôle vital dans la réussite globale du projet. L'une de ces opérations, souvent négligée mais cruciale, est la "pose des tiges".

Ce terme désigne le processus de **démontage de la colonne de forage en joints individuels et de leur disposition méthodique sur des racks à tiges dédiés**. Bien que cela puisse paraître simple, cette tâche est une étape essentielle dans le processus d'achèvement du puits, garantissant la sécurité, l'efficacité et la réutilisation future de l'équipement précieux.

Voici une ventilation du processus et de son importance :

1. Démontage : Le processus commence par le levage de la colonne de forage du puits, souvent à l'aide d'une grue spécialisée montée sur le derrick. La colonne de forage est ensuite soigneusement démontée, joint par joint, à l'aide d'outils et d'équipements spécialisés.

2. Inspection et nettoyage : Chaque joint de la colonne de forage fait l'objet d'une inspection minutieuse afin de détecter d'éventuels signes d'usure, de dommages ou de corrosion. Cette étape cruciale permet d'identifier tout problème potentiel susceptible de compromettre l'intégrité de l'équipement lors d'opérations futures. Les joints sont ensuite nettoyés, en éliminant la boue, les débris et tout fluide de forage résiduel.

3. Disposition sur les racks : Les joints nettoyés et inspectés sont soigneusement disposés sur les racks à tiges désignés. Ces racks sont spécialement conçus pour stocker les joints de la colonne de forage de manière organisée et sécurisée.

4. Marquage et identification : Chaque joint est clairement marqué de son numéro d'identification unique et de toute autre information pertinente, garantissant un suivi facile et un remontage futur.

Pourquoi la pose des tiges est-elle si importante ?

  • Sécurité : Une manipulation et un stockage appropriés de la colonne de forage garantissent la sécurité du personnel et empêchent les dommages accidentels à l'équipement.
  • Efficacité : Un stockage organisé permet une récupération rapide et efficace des joints individuels pour les opérations de forage futures.
  • Maintenance : Des inspections et des nettoyages réguliers pendant les procédures de pose aident à prévenir les pannes d'équipement et à prolonger la durée de vie de la colonne de forage.
  • Réduction des coûts : La minimisation de l'usure de la colonne de forage grâce à une manipulation et un stockage minutieux réduit considérablement les coûts de maintenance et les temps d'arrêt potentiels.

Conclusion : La pose des tiges est un processus apparemment simple mais essentiel dans le forage et l'achèvement des puits. Cette tâche méthodique et systématique joue un rôle crucial pour garantir la sécurité, l'efficacité et la longévité de la colonne de forage, contribuant ainsi au succès global du projet.


Test Your Knowledge

Quiz: Laying Down Pipe

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the primary purpose of "laying down pipe" in drilling and well completion? a) To prepare the drill string for transportation to another location. b) To facilitate the re-use of drill string joints in future operations. c) To inspect the drill string for potential defects or damages. d) To clean the drill string of any residual drilling fluids.

Answer

b) To facilitate the re-use of drill string joints in future operations.

2. Which of the following is NOT a step involved in laying down pipe? a) Disassembling the drill string. b) Inspecting each joint for wear and tear. c) Lubricating the drill string joints. d) Marking each joint with identification numbers.

Answer

c) Lubricating the drill string joints.

3. What type of equipment is typically used to lift the drill string out of the wellbore for laying down? a) Hydraulic jack b) Rig-mounted crane c) Derrick d) Winch

Answer

b) Rig-mounted crane

4. Which of the following is a benefit of properly laying down pipe? a) Reduced risk of accidents and injuries b) Easier access to individual drill string joints for future use c) Prolonged lifespan of the drill string due to proper maintenance d) All of the above

Answer

d) All of the above

5. Why is it important to clean the drill string joints during the laying down process? a) To prevent corrosion and maintain the structural integrity of the joints b) To ensure proper lubrication and prevent friction during reassembly c) To identify any potential defects or damage more clearly d) To make the joints easier to handle and transport

Answer

a) To prevent corrosion and maintain the structural integrity of the joints

Exercise: Laying Down Pipe Simulation

Scenario: You are a drilling engineer overseeing the laying down of a drill string after completing a well. You have a crew of 4 technicians available.

Task:

  1. Organize the crew: Assign specific roles to each technician (e.g., crane operator, inspector, cleaner, marker).
  2. Develop a step-by-step procedure: Create a clear plan outlining the steps involved in laying down the drill string, considering safety precautions and ensuring a smooth workflow.
  3. Identify potential hazards: List at least 3 potential hazards that could arise during the laying down process and propose preventative measures to mitigate these risks.

Time Limit: 15 minutes

Exercice Correction

Crew Organization: * Technician 1: Crane operator * Technician 2: Inspector * Technician 3: Cleaner * Technician 4: Marker

Step-by-Step Procedure: 1. Safety Briefing: Ensure all personnel are aware of safety procedures and potential hazards. 2. Crane Setup: Position the crane safely near the wellhead. 3. Drill String Removal: Carefully lift the drill string out of the wellbore using the crane. 4. Joint Disassembly: Disassemble the drill string, joint by joint, using specialized tools and equipment. 5. Inspection: Inspect each joint for wear, damage, or corrosion. 6. Cleaning: Thoroughly clean each joint, removing mud, debris, and drilling fluids. 7. Marking: Clearly mark each joint with its identification number and any relevant information. 8. Rack Placement: Lay down the cleaned and marked joints on the designated pipe racks in an organized manner. 9. Post-Laying Down Inspection: Conduct a final inspection of the laid-down drill string.

Potential Hazards & Preventative Measures: 1. Hazard: Falling objects from the crane. * Preventative Measure: Implement a safe lifting procedure and ensure proper communication between the crane operator and the crew. 2. Hazard: Slip, trip, and fall hazards due to mud and debris. * Preventative Measure: Provide adequate lighting and clear pathways, use safety footwear, and maintain a clean work environment. 3. Hazard: Improper handling and storage of heavy drill string joints. * Preventative Measure: Ensure all personnel are trained in safe lifting and handling techniques, use lifting aids when necessary, and ensure the pipe racks are properly secured.


Books

  • "Drilling Engineering" by John Lee: This classic text covers all aspects of drilling, including well completion and equipment handling.
  • "Petroleum Engineering: Drilling and Well Completion" by William J. Martin: Offers a comprehensive guide to the drilling process, including sections on wellhead equipment and drill string handling.
  • "Well Completion Design: A Practical Guide for Engineers" by T.J.S. Reid: Focuses specifically on well completion, providing details on equipment, procedures, and safety.

Articles

  • "Drill String Handling and Management" by SPE: Search for articles on this topic within the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) publications.
  • "Best Practices for Drill String Handling and Storage" by industry journals: Look for articles in publications like "Oil & Gas Journal," "World Oil," or "Drilling Contractor."
  • "Safety and Efficiency in Drill String Handling" by relevant professional organizations: Search for articles on the website of organizations such as IADC (International Association of Drilling Contractors).

Online Resources

  • Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) Website: The SPE website hosts a wealth of technical papers, presentations, and resources on drilling and well completion. Search for articles related to "drill string handling," "well completion," and "equipment storage."
  • Oil & Gas Industry Websites: Websites of major oil and gas companies, service providers, and equipment manufacturers often have resources on drilling and well completion practices.
  • Academic Databases: Search academic databases like JSTOR, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for articles on drilling and well completion.

Search Tips

  • Use specific keywords: Combine "laying down pipe" with terms like "drill string," "well completion," "safety," and "efficiency."
  • Use quotation marks: Put phrases in quotation marks to find exact matches, e.g., "laying down pipe" "drill string."
  • Filter your search: Use Google's search filters to narrow down your results by source type (e.g., articles, books, websites).

Techniques

Chapter 1: Techniques for Laying Down Pipe

This chapter delves into the specific techniques employed during the process of laying down pipe. The techniques are crucial for ensuring safe and efficient handling of the drill string, minimizing damage, and maximizing the lifespan of the equipment.

1. Lifting and Disassembly:

  • Specialized Cranes: Utilizing rig-mounted cranes, specifically designed for heavy lifting, ensures safe and controlled removal of the drill string from the wellbore.
  • Rigging and Lifting Gear: Appropriate slings, shackles, and other lifting gear are essential for securing the drill string during the lifting process, preventing swaying and potential damage.
  • Joint Disassembly: Using specialized tools like pipe wrenches, tongs, and hydraulic spinners, the drill string is carefully disassembled, joint by joint.
  • Torque Management: Controlling the torque applied during disassembly is critical to avoid damage to the threads and ensure proper reassembly later.

2. Inspection and Cleaning:

  • Visual Inspection: Each joint undergoes a thorough visual inspection for signs of wear, damage, corrosion, or any other potential issues. This includes checking for:
    • Cracks and Pitting: Signs of fatigue or corrosion that could compromise the joint's strength.
    • Thread Damage: Wear or damage to the threads could prevent proper reassembly.
    • Bent or Twisted Joints: Deformations that could affect the alignment of the drill string.
  • Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): For critical components, NDT methods like magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, or eddy current testing might be employed to detect internal defects.
  • Cleaning Methods:
    • High-Pressure Water Jets: Remove mud, debris, and drilling fluids from the joints.
    • Chemical Cleaning: Specialized chemicals might be used to remove stubborn deposits or residues.
    • Sandblasting: For heavier cleaning, sandblasting can remove rust and other coatings.

3. Laying Down on Racks:

  • Pipe Rack Design: The pipe racks are designed to accommodate the length and weight of the drill string, providing a secure and organized storage solution.
  • Rack Configuration: Racks can be configured in various ways, including single or multiple tiers, depending on the specific drill string length and site conditions.
  • Laying Down Procedures: The joints are carefully placed on the racks, ensuring proper alignment and spacing to prevent damage or bending.

4. Marking and Identification:

  • Unique Joint Identification: Each joint is tagged with a unique identification number, which may include information like the joint size, material, and manufacturing date.
  • Markings and Labels: Clear markings or labels are applied to the joints, ensuring easy identification and tracking during future reassembly.
  • Data Management: Records are kept of the inspection results, cleaning methods used, and the location of each joint on the rack.

Conclusion:

The techniques detailed in this chapter are critical for ensuring the safe and efficient handling of the drill string during the laying down process. By adhering to these techniques, operators can minimize the risk of damage, optimize the lifespan of the equipment, and ultimately contribute to the overall success of the drilling operation.

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