Drilling & Well Completion

kelly drive bushing

The Kelly Bushing: A Vital Link in Drilling Operations

The Kelly Bushing, a seemingly simple component, plays a crucial role in the complex machinery of oil and gas well drilling operations. It acts as the bridge between the rotating Kelly (the square or hexagonal steel bar that connects the drill string to the rotary table) and the top drive system, ensuring smooth and efficient drilling.

Function and Importance:

The Kelly Bushing performs several vital functions:

  • Transfer of Torque: It transmits the rotational force from the rotary table to the Kelly, effectively turning the drill string. This is essential for drilling into the earth.
  • Alignment and Support: The Kelly Bushing provides a stable and accurate connection between the Kelly and the top drive, ensuring that the drill string remains properly aligned. This prevents wear and tear on the equipment and ensures efficient drilling.
  • Seal Against Fluids: The Kelly Bushing acts as a seal, preventing the escape of drilling fluids from the wellbore and maintaining pressure within the system. This helps to lubricate the drill bit and remove cuttings.
  • Safety Mechanism: By securely anchoring the Kelly, the Kelly Bushing helps prevent catastrophic accidents like the Kelly coming loose during drilling operations.

Types of Kelly Bushings:

  • Standard Kelly Bushings: These are the most common type, typically made from high-strength steel and designed for specific Kelly sizes.
  • High-Pressure Kelly Bushings: Designed for use in high-pressure environments, these bushings are made from specialized materials like Inconel or Monel and can withstand extreme pressures.
  • Modular Kelly Bushings: These consist of interchangeable components, allowing for adaptability to different Kelly sizes and drilling conditions.

Maintenance and Inspection:

Regular maintenance and inspection of the Kelly Bushing are essential to ensure optimal performance and safety. This involves:

  • Visual Inspection: Checking for signs of wear, cracks, or damage.
  • Pressure Testing: Ensuring the bushing can withstand the necessary pressure.
  • Lubrication: Maintaining lubrication to minimize friction and wear.
  • Replacement: Replacing the bushing when excessive wear or damage is detected.

Conclusion:

The Kelly Bushing, although seemingly small, plays a vital role in drilling operations. Its function in transferring torque, providing alignment, sealing fluids, and ensuring safety is critical for efficient and safe drilling operations. Understanding the workings and maintenance of this essential component is essential for anyone involved in the oil and gas industry.


Test Your Knowledge

Kelly Bushing Quiz

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the primary function of the Kelly Bushing?

a) To connect the drill string to the top drive system. b) To prevent the drill bit from spinning. c) To lubricate the drill string. d) To remove drill cuttings from the wellbore.

Answer

a) To connect the drill string to the top drive system.

2. Which of the following is NOT a type of Kelly Bushing?

a) Standard Kelly Bushing b) High-Pressure Kelly Bushing c) Modular Kelly Bushing d) Rotary Kelly Bushing

Answer

d) Rotary Kelly Bushing

3. What is the importance of the Kelly Bushing in terms of safety?

a) It prevents the drill string from breaking. b) It helps to keep the drilling platform stable. c) It secures the Kelly, preventing it from coming loose during drilling. d) It protects workers from potential drill string malfunctions.

Answer

c) It secures the Kelly, preventing it from coming loose during drilling.

4. What is the purpose of pressure testing a Kelly Bushing?

a) To ensure its resistance to high pressure environments. b) To determine the amount of torque it can handle. c) To check the lubrication levels. d) To detect any wear and tear on the bushing.

Answer

a) To ensure its resistance to high pressure environments.

5. Which of the following is a key aspect of Kelly Bushing maintenance?

a) Regularly cleaning the drill string. b) Replacing the drill bit every few hours. c) Performing visual inspections for signs of damage. d) Checking the hydraulic pressure of the top drive system.

Answer

c) Performing visual inspections for signs of damage.

Kelly Bushing Exercise

Scenario: You are a drilling supervisor responsible for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of your drilling rig. During a routine inspection, you notice a small crack on the surface of the Kelly Bushing.

Task: 1. Explain the potential consequences of ignoring this crack. 2. Describe the immediate actions you should take in this situation. 3. Outline the steps you need to take to address the issue properly.

Exercise Correction

1. **Potential Consequences:** - **Failure of the Kelly Bushing:** The crack could worsen under pressure and lead to a complete failure of the Kelly Bushing. This would result in a loss of torque transfer, leading to a stalled drill string and potential damage to the wellbore. - **Kelly Coming Loose:** The compromised Kelly Bushing could lead to the Kelly coming loose from the top drive system during drilling operations, creating a serious safety hazard. - **Drilling Fluid Leak:** A cracked bushing could allow drilling fluids to leak out of the wellbore, resulting in environmental damage and potentially compromising the integrity of the drilling operation. 2. **Immediate Actions:** - **Stop Drilling Operations:** Immediately halt the drilling operation to prevent further damage or accidents. - **Isolate the Problem Area:** Securely isolate the Kelly Bushing to prevent any accidental movement or further damage. - **Notify Relevant Personnel:** Inform your superiors and any necessary personnel about the issue and the actions you have taken. 3. **Addressing the Issue:** - **Thorough Inspection:** Conduct a thorough visual inspection and possibly a pressure test to evaluate the extent of the crack and determine its impact on the bushing's integrity. - **Replacement:** If the crack is significant or the bushing is deemed compromised, it should be immediately replaced with a new, functional Kelly Bushing. - **Record Keeping:** Document the entire incident, including the inspection findings, corrective actions taken, and any relevant data, for future reference and to ensure compliance with industry safety standards.


Books

  • Drilling Engineering: Principles and Practices by Robert E. Bassett - This comprehensive text covers all aspects of drilling operations, including detailed explanations of drilling equipment like Kelly bushings.
  • Petroleum Engineering Handbook by Tarek Ahmed - This handbook provides in-depth information on various aspects of the oil and gas industry, including equipment and technologies like Kelly bushings.
  • Drilling and Completion Fundamentals by Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) - This textbook offers a thorough understanding of drilling operations, covering topics related to Kelly bushings and other critical components.

Articles

  • Kelly Bushing: Design, Function, and Maintenance - You can find articles with this specific title or similar variations by searching academic databases like ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, or JSTOR.
  • Top Drive Systems: Design, Operation, and Maintenance - Articles focusing on top drive systems often discuss Kelly bushings, their integration, and their role in the overall operation.
  • Drill String Mechanics and Performance - Articles discussing drill string mechanics frequently delve into the connection between the Kelly and the rotary table, highlighting the importance of the Kelly bushing.

Online Resources

  • API (American Petroleum Institute) Standards: Search API's website for relevant standards related to drilling equipment, including those specifically addressing Kelly bushings.
  • Manufacturer Websites: Websites of top drilling equipment manufacturers (like National Oilwell Varco, Baker Hughes, Halliburton) often provide technical information on their products, including Kelly bushings.
  • Drilling Engineering Journals: Browse online journals like SPE Drilling & Completion, Journal of Petroleum Technology, and Petroleum Technology Quarterly for articles related to Kelly bushings.

Search Tips

  • Use Specific Keywords: Include terms like "Kelly bushing," "drilling equipment," "top drive system," "drilling operations," and "oil and gas."
  • Combine Terms: Try combining keywords like "Kelly bushing design," "Kelly bushing maintenance," or "Kelly bushing types."
  • Use Quotation Marks: Enclose specific phrases in quotation marks for exact matches (e.g. "Kelly bushing function").
  • Add File Type: Specify "pdf" or "doc" to limit your search to specific file types (e.g. "Kelly bushing pdf").
  • Search Specific Sites: Use the "site:" operator to search within specific websites like API, manufacturers, or journal databases.

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