Vapor

Incorrect. Vapor is the gaseous form of a substance that is normally liquid or solid.

Correct. Vapor is the gaseous form of a substance that is normally liquid or solid.

Incorrect. This describes liquefied natural gas (LNG), not vapor.

Incorrect. Vapor is a state of matter, not equipment.

Incorrect. Hydrocarbon vapor is a common type.

Incorrect. Process vapor is a common type.

Incorrect. Fugitive vapor is a common type.

Correct. Atmospheric vapor refers to water vapor in the air and is not specific to the oil and gas industry.

Incorrect. While vapor pressure can affect some aspects of extraction, it is not the primary determinant of efficiency.

Correct. Higher vapor pressure means the liquid is more likely to evaporate.

Incorrect. That is related to the heat of vaporization, not vapor pressure.

Incorrect. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow.

Incorrect. While vapor can contribute to corrosion, it is not the primary safety concern.

Incorrect. While a concern, this is not the main safety concern.

Correct. Flammable vapors can ignite and cause explosions.

Incorrect. This is a secondary concern, not the main safety issue.

Correct. Vapor recovery systems capture and utilize vapors that would otherwise be released.

Incorrect. While vapor recovery can contribute to efficiency, it is not the primary purpose.

Incorrect. This is the function of distillation towers.

Incorrect. LNG transport requires specialized tankers.

1. Impact of Vapor Pressure on Propane Storage and Transport:

A high vapor pressure like 100 kPa for propane at 20°C means that a significant amount of the liquid will evaporate into a gaseous state at that temperature. This poses safety risks due to:

• Flammability: Propane vapor is highly flammable, creating a fire hazard if it mixes with air in the right proportions.
• Explosion Risk: If the concentration of propane vapor reaches a certain level, it can explode if ignited.
• Pressure Build-Up: The vaporization process inside a storage tank can increase pressure, potentially exceeding the tank's capacity and leading to a rupture.

Therefore, propane storage and transport require careful attention to prevent vapor release and ensure safety.

2. Technologies to Minimize Propane Vapor Release:

• Vapor Recovery Units (VRU): These systems capture the vapors released during loading or unloading operations. The captured vapors are condensed back into liquid form and returned to the storage tank, minimizing emissions.
• Pressure Relief Valves: These valves are installed on storage tanks to release excess pressure safely. They are designed to vent excess vapor into a controlled environment, preventing a tank rupture.