المصطلح الفني العام: CaBr₂
الاسم الشائع: بروميد الكالسيوم
الوصف الموجز: بروميد الكالسيوم (CaBr₂) مركب غير عضوي يتواجد في صورة صلبة بلورية بيضاء في درجة حرارة الغرفة. يذوب بسهولة في الماء، مكونًا محلولًا عديم اللون. تُعزز هذه الخاصية، إلى جانب طبيعته غير القابلة للاشتعال، قيمته في العديد من التطبيقات.
التطبيقات:
الخصائص والتعامل:
الخلاصة:
بروميد الكالسيوم (CaBr₂) مركب متعدد الاستخدامات مع مجموعة من التطبيقات في مختلف الصناعات. تجعله كثافته العالية وطبيعته غير القابلة للاشتعال وذوبانه في الماء مكونًا قيمًا لسوائل الحفر ومثبطات الحريق وتطبيقات أخرى. ومع ذلك، فإن استخدامه في الطب محدود بسبب الآثار الجانبية المحتملة. كما هو الحال مع أي مادة كيميائية، من المهم التعامل مع CaBr₂ بشكل آمن وفقًا للإرشادات المناسبة.
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is the common name for CaBr₂? a) Calcium Bromide b) Bromine Calcium c) Calcium Bromate d) Calcium Bromate
a) Calcium Bromide
2. Which of the following is NOT a primary application of CaBr₂? a) Drilling Fluids b) Fire Retardants c) Food Additives d) Medical Uses
c) Food Additives
3. What is the main reason CaBr₂ is used in drilling fluids? a) Its ability to lubricate the drill bit b) Its high density to control pressure c) Its ability to dissolve rocks d) Its low viscosity
b) Its high density to control pressure
4. Which of the following properties of CaBr₂ makes it a good fire retardant? a) Its high solubility in water b) Its ability to interrupt combustion reactions c) Its high melting point d) Its ability to release oxygen
b) Its ability to interrupt combustion reactions
5. What is the molar mass of CaBr₂? a) 199.89 g/mol b) 159.80 g/mol c) 239.89 g/mol d) 139.89 g/mol
a) 199.89 g/mol
Scenario: You are a chemist working on a project to develop a new fire-resistant fabric for firefighters' uniforms. Your team has chosen to use CaBr₂ as a fire retardant in the fabric.
Task:
Mechanism of Action: CaBr₂ acts as a fire retardant by disrupting the chemical chain reaction of combustion. It does this by: * Endothermic Decomposition: When exposed to heat, CaBr₂ decomposes, absorbing heat from the surrounding environment. This reduces the temperature of the material and slows down the rate of combustion. * Free Radical Scavenging: CaBr₂ can react with free radicals, which are highly reactive molecules that contribute to the spread of fire. This reaction terminates the chain reaction and prevents the fire from spreading.
**Safety Precautions:**
* **Skin and Eye Protection:** CaBr₂ can cause skin and eye irritation. It's essential to wear gloves, goggles, and appropriate protective clothing when handling it.
* **Dust Control:** CaBr₂ dust can be irritating to the respiratory system. It's important to work in a well-ventilated area and use a dust mask or respirator.
* **Storage:** CaBr₂ should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from moisture and incompatible chemicals.
**Integration:**
* **Incorporation:** CaBr₂ can be incorporated into the fabric in a few ways:
* **Direct Mixing:** It can be mixed directly with the fabric fibers during the manufacturing process.
* **Finishing Treatment:** The fabric can be treated with a solution containing CaBr₂ after weaving or knitting.
* **Microencapsulation:** CaBr₂ can be encapsulated in tiny particles that are then incorporated into the fabric, allowing for controlled release during a fire.
**Important Considerations:**
* **Effectiveness:** The amount of CaBr₂ used and the method of incorporation need to be carefully chosen to ensure effective fire retardant properties.
* **Durability:** The fire retardant treatment should be durable enough to withstand repeated washing and wear.
* **Environmental Impact:** The environmental impact of using CaBr₂ in fabrics should be considered, as it may be harmful to aquatic life if released into the environment.
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