water drive

The correct answer is **b. Increased production costs**. Water drive actually reduces production costs by minimizing the need for artificial lifting methods.

The correct answer is **b. Edge water drive originates from the sides of the reservoir, while bottom water drive originates from below.**

The correct answer is **c. It pushes oil towards the wellbore through the expansion of water and rock.**

The correct answer is **c. Water production and disposal.** As water advances towards the wellbore, water production increases, requiring additional processing and disposal.

The correct answer is **b. A naturally occurring phenomenon where water pushes oil towards the wellbore.**

Here's a possible solution to the exercise:

1. Factors influencing water production rates in a bottom water drive reservoir:

• Water influx rate: The rate at which water enters the reservoir from the underlying aquifer.
• Reservoir pressure: As reservoir pressure declines, the water drive mechanism becomes more active, leading to increased water production.
• Well placement and spacing: Wells placed in areas with higher water influx rates are more likely to produce more water.
• Production rate: Higher production rates can lead to faster pressure depletion, accelerating water production.
• Reservoir heterogeneity: Variations in permeability and porosity can affect water flow patterns and water production rates.

2. Strategies to manage water production and maximize oil recovery:

• Optimal well placement and spacing: Placing wells in areas with lower water influx rates can minimize water production while maximizing oil recovery.
• Production rate management: Controlling production rates to maintain reservoir pressure can help slow down water influx and prolong oil production.
• Water injection: Injecting water into the reservoir can create a counter-pressure that slows down water influx and pushes more oil towards the wellbore.
• Selective production: Shutting down wells with higher water production rates can help focus production on wells with higher oil-to-water ratios.
• Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques: Implementing EOR techniques like chemical injection or gas injection can improve oil recovery and potentially reduce water production.

3. Benefits and drawbacks of each strategy:

• Optimal well placement and spacing:
  • Benefits: Can significantly reduce water production and maximize oil recovery.
  • Drawbacks: Requires thorough reservoir characterization and can be expensive to implement.
• Production rate management:
  • Benefits: Can help maintain reservoir pressure and slow down water influx.
  • Drawbacks: Can limit production rates and may not be effective if water influx is too high.
• Water injection:
  • Benefits: Can push more oil towards the wellbore and reduce water production.
  • Drawbacks: Can be expensive and requires careful monitoring to prevent water breakthrough.
• Selective production:
  • Benefits: Can focus production on wells with higher oil-to-water ratios.
  • Drawbacks: Can reduce overall production rates.
• EOR techniques:
  • Benefits: Can significantly improve oil recovery and potentially reduce water production.
  • Drawbacks: Can be expensive and require specialized equipment and expertise.