retrofit

Incorrect. This describes a complete overhaul, not retrofitting.

Correct! This is the core definition of retrofitting.

Incorrect. This is a major overhaul, not a typical retrofitting project.

Incorrect. This is policy-related, not directly about retrofitting.

Incorrect. Retrofitting is generally cost-effective compared to new construction.

Incorrect. Retrofitting can often be done in phases, minimizing disruption.

Correct! This is a disadvantage, as retrofitting can usually be done without full facility shutdown.

Incorrect. Retrofitting allows for gradual upgrades as technology and regulations change.

Incorrect. This is part of new construction, not retrofitting.

Correct! Scrubbers are retrofitted devices for pollution control.

Incorrect. This is a complete replacement, not retrofitting.

Incorrect. This is new construction, not retrofitting an existing facility.

Incorrect. While expertise is needed, it's not the primary challenge of retrofitting.

Correct! Existing facilities might not have enough room for new equipment.

Incorrect. Retrofitting aims to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

Incorrect. While there's an initial investment, retrofitting is often cheaper than new construction.

Incorrect. Retrofitting is about adapting existing facilities to meet modern standards.

Correct! Retrofitting directly contributes to a cleaner environment.

Incorrect. Regulations are essential, and retrofitting helps facilities comply.

Incorrect. Retrofitting is about making existing facilities cleaner, not replacing them entirely.

Here is a possible solution:

1. Pollution Sources:

• **Air Emissions:** Textile factories often release particulate matter (dust) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from dyeing and printing processes.
• **Wastewater Discharge:** Dyeing and finishing processes produce wastewater with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color, polluting receiving water bodies.

2. Retrofitting Technologies:

• **Air Emissions:** Install **baghouse filters** to capture particulate matter and **activated carbon adsorbers** to remove VOCs from exhaust gases.
• **Wastewater Discharge:** Implement **membrane filtration** to remove dyes and other pollutants from the wastewater, followed by **biological treatment** to reduce COD.

3. Benefits:

• **Air Emissions:** Baghouse filters and activated carbon adsorbers effectively reduce particulate matter and VOCs in the air, improving air quality and reducing health risks for workers and nearby communities.
• **Wastewater Discharge:** Membrane filtration and biological treatment remove pollutants from wastewater, reducing the chemical oxygen demand and color, thus protecting water bodies and aquatic life.

These technologies are effective and cost-efficient ways to reduce pollution and improve the environmental performance of the textile factory.