OM&M

The correct answer is **b) Marketing**. Marketing is not directly related to the daily running, upkeep, and strategic direction of environmental and water treatment facilities.

The correct answer is **c) Process Control**. This specifically addresses the ongoing adjustments and monitoring of the treatment processes.

The correct answer is **c) Preventing equipment failures**. Preventive maintenance aims to proactively identify and address potential issues before they lead to breakdowns.

The correct answer is **a) Increased operational costs**. Effective OM&M actually helps **reduce** operational costs in the long run by preventing costly breakdowns and repairs.

The correct answer is **c) Overseeing the strategic direction of OM&M**. Management provides overall guidance, resource allocation, and performance evaluation for the OM&M program.

Here's a sample solution to the exercise:

1. Key Areas for Improvement:

• a) Preventive Maintenance:
  • Problem: The plant may not have a comprehensive preventive maintenance schedule, or it might not be consistently followed. This leads to equipment failures that could have been prevented.
  • Action: Develop a detailed preventive maintenance schedule for all equipment, including regular inspections, lubrication, and part replacements. Implement a system to track maintenance tasks and ensure they are completed on time.
• b) Spare Parts Management:
  • Problem: The plant might not have a sufficient stock of essential spare parts, leading to delays in repairs when equipment fails.
  • Action: Conduct a thorough inventory analysis of critical spare parts. Develop a system for restocking based on usage and lead times. Implement a budget for spare parts and regularly review and adjust as needed.
• c) Training and Development:
  • Problem: The plant operators may lack the necessary knowledge or skills for proper operation and maintenance of the equipment.
  • Action: Provide regular training programs for operators on equipment maintenance, troubleshooting, and operating procedures. Invest in training on new technologies or advancements in water treatment.

2. Impact of Improvements:

• Reduced Maintenance Costs: Proactive preventive maintenance and proper spare parts management will significantly reduce the number of breakdowns and costly repairs.
• Increased Operational Efficiency: Having the necessary parts available and well-trained operators will minimize downtime and keep the treatment plant operating smoothly.
• Improved Reliability: A well-maintained plant is more likely to consistently produce clean water, ensuring public health and environmental protection.
• Reduced Environmental Risk: Proper maintenance and training minimize the risk of spills, leaks, or other incidents that could impact the environment.