GEP

The correct answer is **d) Profit Maximization**. While economic viability is important, GEP emphasizes a balance between profitability and sustainability, not prioritizing profit above all else.

The correct answer is **b) Optimizing each stage of the treatment process and minimizing waste generation**. Integrated design considers the entire system holistically, leading to greater efficiency and reduced environmental impact.

The correct answer is **b) Evaluating the environmental impact of the treatment system from cradle to grave**. LCA helps identify and minimize environmental impacts throughout the system's lifecycle, promoting sustainable practices.

The correct answer is **b) Reusing treated wastewater for irrigation**. This practice exemplifies resource conservation and reduces the need for fresh water sources.

The correct answer is **d) Increased reliance on non-renewable resources**. GEP promotes the use of sustainable technologies and resource conservation, reducing reliance on non-renewable resources.

Based on GEP principles, Option 2 - the Advanced Treatment Plant with resource recovery technologies, is the more sustainable and responsible choice. Here's a breakdown:

• Environmental Impact: Option 2 significantly reduces environmental impact by minimizing sludge production, recovering energy, and enabling water reuse. This aligns with GEP's goal of environmental protection and resource conservation. Option 1, while cheaper initially, generates more waste and requires more energy, contributing to a higher carbon footprint.
• Economic Viability: Although Option 2 has a higher initial cost, its long-term benefits, such as energy recovery and water reuse, can offset the initial investment. This leads to lower operating costs and potentially even revenue generation from selling treated water. Option 1 may be cheaper to build, but its higher energy consumption and waste disposal costs can make it more expensive in the long run.
• Social Impact: Option 2 demonstrates a commitment to sustainability and responsible environmental practices, enhancing public trust and acceptance. Option 1 may be perceived as less environmentally responsible, leading to potential public opposition.

In conclusion, while the initial cost of Option 2 is higher, its overall benefits in terms of environmental impact, economic efficiency, and social acceptance make it a much better choice according to GEP principles.