biodegradable organic matter (BOM)

This is incorrect. Carbohydrates are a major component of BOM.

This is the correct answer. Plastics are typically non-biodegradable and do not contribute to BOM.

This is incorrect. Proteins are an important part of BOM.

This is incorrect. Lipids are a significant component of BOM.

This is partially correct, but not the primary role of BOM in wastewater treatment.

This is the correct answer. Microbial degradation of BOM is the core process in wastewater treatment.

This is incorrect. BOM decomposition can affect pH, but not always increase it.

This is incorrect. BOM itself does not have disinfectant properties.

This is incorrect. COD measures all oxidizable organic matter, not just biodegradable.

This is incorrect. TOC measures all carbon-containing compounds, regardless of biodegradability.

This is the correct answer. BOD specifically measures the oxygen consumed by microbes during BOM breakdown.

This is incorrect. BOD is the correct answer.

This is incorrect. Excessive BOM leads to negative consequences for water quality.

This is the correct answer. Excess BOM fuels algal blooms and oxygen depletion.

This is incorrect. Excess BOM can increase turbidity due to algal growth.

This is incorrect. BOM does not directly influence water salinity.

This is partially correct, but not the primary challenge.

This is the correct answer. Some organic compounds are resistant to microbial degradation, requiring advanced treatment.

This is incorrect. Microbial diversity is beneficial for BOM degradation.

This is partially correct, but not directly related to BOM management challenges.

**1. Utilizing BOM:** * Implement an aerobic digestion system to encourage microbial growth and decomposition of carbohydrates and proteins. * Optimize conditions (temperature, oxygen levels, pH) to maximize microbial activity and BOM degradation. * Consider a multi-stage treatment process, with a primary stage focusing on solids removal and a secondary stage emphasizing biological oxidation of BOM. **2. Potential Challenges:** * **High organic load:** The high levels of carbohydrates and proteins could overwhelm the microbial population, resulting in inefficient treatment and potential effluent quality issues. * **Nutrient imbalances:** The breakdown of BOM can release excessive nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), potentially leading to eutrophication if discharged into surface waters. * **Potential for odor:** The decomposition of organic matter can generate unpleasant odors. **3. Mitigation Strategies:** * **Pre-treatment:** Employ pre-treatment steps to remove or reduce organic load before biological treatment. This could involve physical screening, sedimentation, or chemical coagulation. * **Nutrient removal:** Incorporate nutrient removal processes like nitrification and denitrification to minimize nutrient discharge. * **Odor control:** Implement odor control measures such as aeration, biofiltration, or chemical scrubbing. * **Monitoring:** Regularly monitor the treatment process to ensure efficient BOM degradation and effluent quality compliance.