Cost Estimation & Control

Planned Cost

Planned Cost: The Backbone of Project Budget Control

In the world of project planning and scheduling, planned cost plays a crucial role in ensuring successful execution and keeping projects within budget. It represents the estimated cost of completing a project activity or task, set when the schedule becomes the official plan, or "baseline plan".

Understanding Planned Cost:

Think of planned cost as the budget allocated for a specific project element. It serves as a benchmark against which actual costs incurred during the project are compared. This comparison helps identify potential deviations from the planned budget, enabling timely intervention and corrective actions.

Setting Planned Cost:

Establishing accurate planned costs is essential for successful project management. This involves:

  • Detailed Task Breakdown: Dividing the project into manageable tasks or activities.
  • Cost Estimation: Assigning estimated costs to each task based on historical data, expert opinions, and market research.
  • Resource Allocation: Determining the resources required for each task, including labor, materials, and equipment.
  • Contingency Planning: Including a buffer for unforeseen costs and risks.

Role of Planned Cost in Project Control:

Planned cost plays a central role in various project management aspects:

  • Budgeting: Forms the foundation of the project budget, helping to allocate resources effectively and track financial performance.
  • Cost Variance Analysis: Comparing actual costs incurred with planned costs to identify variances and understand cost overruns or savings.
  • Risk Management: Helps identify potential cost risks and develop mitigation strategies.
  • Decision Making: Provides a basis for informed decisions regarding resource allocation, project scope changes, and cost adjustments.

Advantages of Using Planned Cost:

  • Early Identification of Issues: Enables early detection of potential cost overruns, allowing for corrective actions.
  • Improved Cost Control: Provides a framework for managing and controlling project expenses.
  • Enhanced Transparency: Provides clear visibility into the project budget and cost allocations.
  • Improved Communication: Facilitates effective communication and collaboration among project stakeholders regarding financial aspects.

Conclusion:

Planned cost is an indispensable element of project planning and scheduling. It serves as the cornerstone for budget control, enabling proactive cost management, early identification of deviations, and informed decision-making. By accurately setting and actively monitoring planned costs, project managers can significantly increase their chances of delivering projects within budget and achieving successful outcomes.


Test Your Knowledge

Quiz: Planned Cost

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the primary purpose of planned cost in project management?

a) To estimate the total project cost at the end of the project. b) To track actual costs incurred during the project. c) To serve as a benchmark for comparing actual costs against estimated costs. d) To predict potential cost overruns.

Answer

c) To serve as a benchmark for comparing actual costs against estimated costs.

2. Which of the following is NOT a key step in setting planned costs?

a) Dividing the project into manageable tasks. b) Estimating the cost of each task based on historical data. c) Allocating resources to each task. d) Monitoring actual costs incurred during the project.

Answer

d) Monitoring actual costs incurred during the project.

3. How does planned cost contribute to cost variance analysis?

a) By providing a baseline for comparing actual costs. b) By identifying potential risks that could impact costs. c) By facilitating communication between stakeholders. d) By allocating resources effectively.

Answer

a) By providing a baseline for comparing actual costs.

4. What is the benefit of including a contingency buffer in planned cost?

a) To ensure that the project is completed within budget. b) To allocate resources efficiently. c) To account for unforeseen expenses and risks. d) To identify potential cost overruns.

Answer

c) To account for unforeseen expenses and risks.

5. What is the main advantage of using planned cost in project management?

a) It helps to estimate the total project cost accurately. b) It enables early identification of potential cost deviations. c) It ensures that the project is completed within budget. d) It facilitates better communication between stakeholders.

Answer

b) It enables early identification of potential cost deviations.

Exercise:

Scenario: You are managing a software development project with a planned cost of $100,000. The project is divided into three phases: design, development, and testing. Your initial estimates for each phase are:

  • Design: $20,000
  • Development: $50,000
  • Testing: $30,000

After completing the design phase, you find that the actual cost incurred was $25,000.

Task:

  1. Calculate the cost variance for the design phase.
  2. Analyze the cost variance and identify potential reasons for the overrun.
  3. Explain how you would use this information to adjust the planned cost for the remaining phases of the project.

Exercice Correction

**1. Cost Variance Calculation:** * **Cost Variance (CV) = Actual Cost - Planned Cost** * **CV = $25,000 - $20,000 = $5,000** The cost variance for the design phase is $5,000. This indicates a cost overrun. **2. Analyzing the Cost Variance:** Several reasons could have contributed to the cost overrun: * **Unexpected design complexity:** The design phase might have encountered more complex requirements than initially anticipated. * **Unforeseen resource needs:** Additional resources, such as specialized software or consultants, might have been required. * **Time constraints:** Time pressures might have led to increased labor costs. **3. Adjusting the Planned Cost:** Based on the cost overrun in the design phase, it's essential to adjust the planned cost for the remaining phases. Consider the following: * **Re-evaluate the estimates:** Revisit the estimates for the development and testing phases, factoring in the lessons learned from the design phase. * **Implement cost-saving measures:** Explore ways to reduce costs in the remaining phases, such as optimizing development processes or finding more cost-effective resources. * **Communicate with stakeholders:** Inform stakeholders about the cost overrun and the proposed adjustments to the planned cost. **Conclusion:** The cost variance in the design phase highlights the importance of regularly monitoring actual costs against planned costs. By analyzing the variance and adjusting future estimates, you can proactively manage project costs and increase the likelihood of delivering the project within budget.


Books

  • A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide): The definitive guide for project management best practices, including detailed chapters on cost management and budgeting.
  • Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling by Harold Kerzner: A comprehensive book covering project management principles, including thorough discussions on cost estimation, budgeting, and control.
  • Effective Project Management: Traditional, Agile, and Hybrid Approaches by Jeffrey K. Pinto: An informative book exploring various project management approaches, with sections dedicated to cost planning and management.
  • The Earned Value Management System by David I. Cleland: A detailed guide to the Earned Value Management (EVM) system, a powerful technique for managing project cost and schedule performance.

Articles

  • "Planned Cost: The Foundation of Project Budgeting" by [Your Name]: You can write your own article on this topic, drawing on the provided text and expanding upon it with your own insights and examples.
  • "Project Cost Management: An Overview" by Project Management Institute: A concise overview of the essential concepts and principles of project cost management.
  • "Cost Estimating in Project Management" by [Your Name]: You can research and write an article on different cost estimation methods used in project planning.
  • "Earned Value Management: A Powerful Tool for Project Control" by [Your Name]: An in-depth article exploring the benefits and implementation of EVM in project management.

Online Resources

  • Project Management Institute (PMI): The leading organization for project management professionals, offering resources, certifications, and publications related to cost management.
  • The Earned Value Management Association (EVMA): A professional organization dedicated to advancing the use of Earned Value Management in project management.
  • PMI's Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) Online: Access the latest edition of the PMBOK Guide online, including detailed information on cost management and other aspects of project management.

Search Tips

  • "Planned Cost Project Management": This search term will return results focused on the role of planned cost in project management, including articles, guides, and tutorials.
  • "Cost Estimating Methods": This search term will lead you to information on various methods used to estimate project costs, such as parametric, analogous, and bottom-up approaches.
  • "Earned Value Management Tutorial": This search term will provide you with resources to learn more about EVM, a powerful technique for tracking project cost and schedule performance.
  • "Project Budget Control Tools": This search term will help you find software and tools designed to assist with project budgeting and cost management.

Techniques

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