Imposed Start

Imposed Starts: Navigating External Constraints in Project Planning

In the world of project management, maintaining a tight schedule is critical. However, external constraints can often disrupt even the most meticulously planned timeline. One such constraint is the imposed start, a situation where an activity's start date is dictated by factors outside the project team's control. These imposed starts can significantly impact the project schedule, potentially leading to complications like hypercritical paths and negative float.

Understanding Imposed Starts

An imposed start occurs when an activity cannot begin before a specific date, determined by external factors. This date is not based on the project's internal dependencies but rather on factors like:

• External dependencies: Waiting for a vendor to deliver equipment or for a regulatory approval.
• Contractual obligations: Meeting deadlines dictated by a client or partner.
• Resource availability: The required resources (equipment, personnel, etc.) may not be available until a specific date.

The Impact of Imposed Starts

Imposed starts can significantly impact project schedules in several ways:

• Hypercritical paths: The imposed start can force an activity to be placed early in the project timeline, even if it's not logically necessary. This can create a "hypercritical" path, where any delay in this activity will directly impact the project completion date.
• Negative float: When an activity has an imposed start date, it might need to begin before its earliest possible start date. This results in negative float, indicating that the activity is already behind schedule even before it begins.
• Increased risk: Imposed starts create a more rigid schedule, making it harder to adjust to unforeseen delays or changes. This can increase the overall project risk and potentially lead to schedule overruns.

Managing Imposed Starts Effectively

While imposed starts can't always be avoided, project managers can employ strategies to minimize their negative impact:

• Early identification: Proactively identify potential imposed starts during the planning phase and incorporate them into the project schedule.
• Contingency planning: Develop backup plans for potential delays or changes related to imposed starts.
• Communication: Maintain open communication with stakeholders and clearly explain the impact of imposed starts on the project schedule.
• Flexible scheduling: Use techniques like "buffering" or "float" to allow for potential delays and maintain some flexibility in the schedule.

Example Scenario

Imagine a construction project where the start of the foundation work is imposed by the arrival of a specific type of concrete. If the concrete delivery is delayed, it will directly impact the entire project schedule, potentially causing delays in subsequent activities like framing and roofing.

Conclusion

Imposed starts are a common reality in project management, and their impact can be significant. By understanding the potential consequences and implementing strategies to manage them effectively, project managers can navigate these external constraints and minimize the risks to their projects. Effective communication, proactive planning, and flexibility are key to ensuring project success in the face of imposed starts.