Naphthalene flakes, commonly referred to as mothballs, are a familiar sight in households. However, in the oil and gas industry, these seemingly mundane flakes play a crucial role in a variety of applications. Their unique properties, including their ability to sublime, make them valuable assets in various processes.
What are Naphthalene Flakes?
Naphthalene flakes are organic compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen, forming a white, crystalline solid with a characteristic mothball odor. This odor arises from the volatility of the compound, which readily sublimes, transitioning directly from a solid to a gaseous state without becoming a liquid. This property is key to their application in the oil and gas industry.
Applications in Oil & Gas:
1. Diverting Fluids:
One primary use for naphthalene flakes is in divertors, devices used to redirect or isolate flow in pipelines and wells. When naphthalene flakes are introduced into a pipeline, they sublime and create a gas barrier. This barrier effectively blocks the flow of fluids, allowing for maintenance or repair work without shutting down the entire system.
2. Stimulation and Fracturing:
Naphthalene flakes can also be used in hydraulic fracturing, a process that enhances oil and gas production from tight formations. By subliming under high pressure, they create a temporary channel through which the fracturing fluid can be injected, allowing for better access to the target formation.
3. Cleaning and Degassing:
Naphthalene flakes' ability to sublime can also be utilized for cleaning and degassing operations. For example, they can be used to remove unwanted residues from equipment or pipelines, and to vent gases accumulated during production processes.
4. Chemical Injection:
Naphthalene flakes can act as carriers for other chemicals used in oil and gas operations. They can be mixed with corrosion inhibitors or biocides, allowing for controlled release of these chemicals into the system.
5. Safety Considerations:
Despite their versatility, naphthalene flakes are a flammable material, and their handling requires appropriate safety precautions. Adequate ventilation should be ensured, and proper personal protective equipment should be worn during handling.
Conclusion:
Naphthalene flakes are a versatile and effective tool in the oil and gas industry, playing a vital role in various processes ranging from flow diversion to chemical injection. Their ability to sublime provides unique advantages in challenging environments. However, it is essential to implement appropriate safety measures to minimize risks associated with their flammability.
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is the primary chemical composition of naphthalene flakes?
a) Carbon and Hydrogen b) Nitrogen and Oxygen c) Sulfur and Phosphorus d) Sodium and Chlorine
a) Carbon and Hydrogen
2. What unique property of naphthalene flakes makes them valuable in oil and gas applications?
a) High density b) High viscosity c) Ability to sublime d) Strong adhesive properties
c) Ability to sublime
3. In which application are naphthalene flakes used to create a temporary gas barrier?
a) Stimulation and fracturing b) Cleaning and degassing c) Diverting fluids d) Chemical injection
c) Diverting fluids
4. How are naphthalene flakes used in hydraulic fracturing?
a) To create a temporary channel for fracturing fluid b) To enhance the viscosity of the fracturing fluid c) To prevent the formation of gas bubbles d) To increase the pressure within the formation
a) To create a temporary channel for fracturing fluid
5. What is a crucial safety concern when handling naphthalene flakes?
a) Their high toxicity b) Their ability to corrode metal c) Their flammability d) Their ability to react with water
c) Their flammability
Scenario:
A pipeline is experiencing a leak and needs immediate repair. The leak is located in a section that is difficult to access, and shutting down the entire pipeline would cause significant production losses.
Task:
Explain how naphthalene flakes could be used to isolate the leaking section and allow for safe repairs without shutting down the entire pipeline.
Naphthalene flakes can be used to create a temporary gas barrier in the pipeline, effectively isolating the leaking section. By introducing naphthalene flakes upstream of the leak, they will sublime under pressure and create a dense gas plug. This gas plug will block the flow of oil and gas, allowing for safe and efficient repair of the leak. After repairs are complete, the naphthalene flakes will naturally dissipate, restoring normal flow through the pipeline.