Glossary of Technical Terms Used in Drilling & Well Completion: Drawdown

Drawdown

Drawdown: A Critical Concept in Oil and Gas Production

In the oil and gas industry, "drawdown" refers to the pressure difference between a reservoir and the wellbore. This pressure differential is a key factor in determining production rates and overall well performance. Understanding drawdown is crucial for optimizing production and managing reservoir pressure.

Types of Drawdown:

There are two primary types of drawdown:

  • Completion Drawdown: This refers to the pressure difference between the formation immediately adjacent to the wellbore and the pressure measured at the wellbore. It represents the pressure drop caused by the flow of fluids from the reservoir into the well.
  • Reservoir Drawdown: This refers to the pressure difference between the reservoir pressure at a distance from the wellbore and the pressure at the wellbore. It encompasses the pressure drop due to the flow path from the reservoir to the wellbore, including the effect of the wellbore itself.

Understanding the Difference:

The difference between completion drawdown and reservoir drawdown lies in the location where the pressure is measured. Completion drawdown focuses on the pressure difference immediately near the wellbore, while reservoir drawdown considers the pressure drop across the entire flow path from the reservoir to the well.

Implications of Drawdown:

Drawdown has several significant implications for oil and gas production:

  • Production Rate: Higher drawdown leads to higher production rates, as the pressure difference drives fluids towards the wellbore. However, excessive drawdown can lead to formation damage and reduced well life.
  • Reservoir Pressure Management: Drawdown affects reservoir pressure and can lead to pressure depletion over time. Understanding drawdown helps in implementing effective pressure maintenance strategies.
  • Well Performance Optimization: By analyzing drawdown data, engineers can optimize well production by adjusting wellbore conditions and production rates.

Drawdown in Well Testing:

Drawdown is a crucial parameter in well testing, which involves analyzing the pressure response of a well during production. This data helps determine reservoir properties, including permeability, porosity, and fluid saturation.

Conclusion:

Drawdown is an essential concept in oil and gas production. Understanding the different types of drawdown and their impact on well performance is critical for optimizing production, managing reservoir pressure, and ensuring long-term well sustainability. By carefully monitoring and analyzing drawdown, engineers can make informed decisions to maximize oil and gas recovery.


Test Your Knowledge

Drawdown Quiz

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What does "drawdown" refer to in the oil and gas industry?

(a) The amount of oil or gas extracted from a reservoir. (b) The pressure difference between a reservoir and the wellbore. (c) The depth of a wellbore. (d) The time it takes to produce a certain amount of oil or gas.

Answer

(b) The pressure difference between a reservoir and the wellbore.

2. Which of the following is NOT a type of drawdown?

(a) Completion Drawdown (b) Reservoir Drawdown (c) Wellbore Drawdown (d) Surface Drawdown

Answer

(d) Surface Drawdown

3. What is the main difference between completion drawdown and reservoir drawdown?

(a) Completion drawdown focuses on pressure near the wellbore, while reservoir drawdown considers the entire flow path. (b) Completion drawdown measures pressure at the surface, while reservoir drawdown measures pressure at the wellhead. (c) Completion drawdown is used for oil wells, while reservoir drawdown is used for gas wells. (d) Completion drawdown is a theoretical concept, while reservoir drawdown is a practical measurement.

Answer

(a) Completion drawdown focuses on pressure near the wellbore, while reservoir drawdown considers the entire flow path.

4. How does drawdown affect production rate?

(a) Higher drawdown leads to lower production rates. (b) Higher drawdown leads to higher production rates. (c) Drawdown has no effect on production rate. (d) Drawdown only affects production rate in gas wells.

Answer

(b) Higher drawdown leads to higher production rates.

5. What is a key application of drawdown in well testing?

(a) Determining the amount of oil or gas in a reservoir. (b) Assessing the environmental impact of oil and gas production. (c) Analyzing the pressure response of a well during production. (d) Predicting the future production rate of a well.

Answer

(c) Analyzing the pressure response of a well during production.

Drawdown Exercise

Scenario: You are an engineer working on an oil well. The completion drawdown is measured as 500 psi, and the reservoir drawdown is measured as 1000 psi.

Task:

  1. Explain what these measurements tell you about the flow of oil from the reservoir to the wellbore.
  2. Based on this information, how would you adjust the production rate to optimize well performance and avoid formation damage?

Exercice Correction

1. **Explanation:** * The completion drawdown of 500 psi indicates the pressure difference immediately around the wellbore. * The reservoir drawdown of 1000 psi indicates the pressure drop across the entire flow path from the reservoir to the wellbore. This includes the pressure loss due to the flow through the reservoir and the wellbore. * The fact that the reservoir drawdown is twice as high as the completion drawdown suggests that a significant portion of the pressure drop occurs within the reservoir, possibly due to the well being located in a low permeability zone or the wellbore itself causing a restriction in flow. 2. **Production Rate Adjustment:** * Based on the high reservoir drawdown, it suggests that the well is currently producing at a rate that is exceeding the reservoir's capacity to replenish the pressure. * To avoid formation damage and optimize well performance, the production rate should be reduced. This will decrease the drawdown pressure and allow the reservoir to maintain pressure more effectively. * It's important to monitor the drawdown pressure closely and adjust the production rate as needed to ensure the well operates within a sustainable range and prevents excessive pressure depletion.


Books

  • "Petroleum Engineering: Principles and Practices" by John Lee: This comprehensive textbook covers various aspects of petroleum engineering, including reservoir pressure, drawdown, and well testing.
  • "Fundamentals of Reservoir Engineering" by John M. Campbell: Another classic textbook that provides a detailed explanation of drawdown, reservoir pressure, and their impact on production.
  • "Reservoir Engineering Handbook" by Tarek Ahmed: This handbook offers a practical guide to reservoir engineering concepts, including drawdown and its implications for production.

Articles

  • "The Effect of Drawdown on Well Productivity" by SPE: This Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) article examines the relationship between drawdown and well productivity, discussing various factors influencing it.
  • "Drawdown and Well Testing: A Practical Guide" by Petroleum Engineering Today: This article provides a practical guide to understanding drawdown and its role in well testing, including techniques and analysis methods.
  • "Understanding Drawdown: A Key to Reservoir Management" by Oil & Gas Journal: This article highlights the importance of understanding drawdown for reservoir management, focusing on its implications for pressure maintenance and production optimization.

Online Resources

  • SPE: The Society of Petroleum Engineers website offers a wealth of technical articles, papers, and resources related to drawdown, reservoir engineering, and well testing.
  • OnePetro: This online platform provides access to a vast library of technical papers and articles related to various aspects of oil and gas production, including drawdown and reservoir engineering.
  • Schlumberger: The Schlumberger website offers several resources on reservoir engineering and well testing, including information on drawdown and its applications.

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