Forage et complétion de puits

Span Activity

Activité de Span : Un Lien Vital dans la Production Pétrolière et Gazière

Dans le monde effervescent du pétrole et du gaz, chaque activité, du forage à la raffinerie, contribue à la chaîne complexe de production. Un aspect crucial de ce processus, souvent négligé mais vital, est l'Activité de Span.

L'activité de span désigne le travail effectué pendant le temps de span - la période entre le moment où une plateforme de forage ou un autre équipement est mis en chantier (début du forage) et retiré du chantier (fin du forage). Cela comprend une large gamme de tâches englobant à la fois les opérations sur fond et hors fond.

Les activités sur fond impliquent directement le processus de forage, telles que :

  • Forage : Le processus réel de pénétration de la terre pour atteindre les réservoirs de pétrole ou de gaz.
  • Carottage : Utilisation d'outils spécialisés pour recueillir des données sur les formations géologiques rencontrées lors du forage.
  • Tubage : Installation de tuyaux en acier pour doubler le puits, offrant un soutien structurel et empêchant l'effondrement.
  • Cimentage : Injection de ciment pour fixer le tubage et empêcher la migration des fluides.

Les activités hors fond englobent les tâches qui se produisent lorsqu'on ne fore pas directement, notamment :

  • Maintenance de la plateforme : Veiller à ce que l'équipement fonctionne de manière efficace et sûre.
  • Changements de personnel : Rotation des équipes et gestion de la logistique de la main-d'œuvre.
  • Gestion de la chaîne d'approvisionnement : Commande et réception des équipements, fournitures et matériaux.
  • Surveillance environnementale : Réaliser des contrôles réguliers pour minimiser l'impact environnemental.

Les hamacs représentent un type spécifique d'activité de span, se produisant entre les opérations de forage lorsque la colonne de forage est retirée du puits. Ces périodes permettent de réaliser des tâches cruciales telles que :

  • Pose du tubage : Installation du tubage de protection pour le puits.
  • Réaliser des levés en fond de puits : Évaluer l'état et la trajectoire du puits.
  • Réaliser des tests d'intégrité du puits : S'assurer de la solidité structurelle du puits.
  • Installer des équipements en fond de puits : Mise en place des outils nécessaires pour la production ou la surveillance.

L'activité de span est cruciale pour optimiser l'efficacité et la sécurité de la production pétrolière et gazière. Elle implique une planification minutieuse, une coordination et une expertise pour assurer des transitions fluides entre les différentes phases de forage et de production. Comprendre les nuances de l'activité de span et l'importance des hamacs aide les parties prenantes à prendre des décisions éclairées concernant l'allocation des ressources, les délais des projets et la sécurité opérationnelle.

En résumé :

  • Activité de Span : Englobe toutes les tâches effectuées pendant le temps entre la mise en chantier et le retrait du chantier d'un puits.
  • Hamacs : Activités de span spécifiques se produisant entre les opérations de forage, permettant des tâches essentielles comme l'installation du tubage et les évaluations du puits.
  • L'activité de span est essentielle pour maximiser l'efficacité, la sécurité et le succès global des projets de production pétrolière et gazière.

Test Your Knowledge

Span Activity Quiz

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What does "span activity" refer to in the oil and gas industry?

a) The process of refining crude oil into usable products.

Answer

Incorrect. Refining is a separate process.

b) The time period between spudding in and spudding out a well.

Answer

Correct! This is the definition of span activity.

c) The activities conducted during a well's production phase.

Answer

Incorrect. Production activities are distinct from span activities.

d) The environmental impact of drilling operations.

Answer

Incorrect. Environmental impact is a separate concern.

2. Which of these is NOT an on-bottom activity?

a) Drilling

Answer

Incorrect. Drilling is a core on-bottom activity.

b) Logging

Answer

Incorrect. Logging is also an on-bottom activity.

c) Casing

Answer

Incorrect. Casing is an on-bottom activity.

d) Rig maintenance

Answer

Correct! Rig maintenance is an off-bottom activity.

3. What is a "hammock" in the context of span activity?

a) A specialized tool used for drilling.

Answer

Incorrect. Hammocks are not tools.

b) A period of time between drilling operations.

Answer

Correct! Hammocks are periods between drilling operations.

c) A type of environmental monitoring method.

Answer

Incorrect. Hammocks are not related to environmental monitoring.

d) A specific type of casing used for wells.

Answer

Incorrect. Hammocks are not a type of casing.

4. What is a key reason why span activity is considered vital?

a) It allows for faster completion of the drilling process.

Answer

Correct! Span activity optimizes efficiency and timelines.

b) It helps reduce the environmental impact of drilling.

Answer

Incorrect. While important, environmental impact is not the primary reason.

c) It allows for the extraction of different types of hydrocarbons.

Answer

Incorrect. Extracting different hydrocarbons is not the primary focus of span activity.

d) It facilitates communication between drilling teams.

Answer

Incorrect. Communication is important, but not the sole reason for span activity.

5. During a hammock, which task is commonly performed?

a) Removing the drill bit.

Answer

Incorrect. Removing the drill bit is an on-bottom activity.

b) Installing downhole equipment.

Answer

Correct! Installing downhole equipment is a common hammock task.

c) Conducting environmental impact assessments.

Answer

Incorrect. Environmental assessments are typically conducted separately.

d) Training new drilling personnel.

Answer

Incorrect. Training is not typically part of a hammock.

Span Activity Exercise

Scenario: You are a drilling supervisor overseeing a well that has just been spudded in. The drilling plan includes running casing after reaching a specific depth.

Task: Create a brief plan for the span activity associated with this well, focusing on the upcoming "hammock" for casing installation. Include:

  • Key activities: List the most important tasks that need to be performed during the hammock.
  • Personnel: Outline the crew members required for each task.
  • Resources: Specify the equipment and materials needed.
  • Safety considerations: Identify any potential safety hazards and precautions.

Example:

Exercice Correction

Span Activity Plan: Casing Installation Hammock

Key Activities:

  • Pull out drill string to casing depth
  • Inspect and clean wellbore
  • Run casing string into the well
  • Cement casing in place
  • Conduct well integrity tests
  • Prepare for resumption of drilling

Personnel:

  • Drilling Supervisor
  • Derrick Hand
  • Floorhand
  • Toolpusher (for oversight and coordination)
  • Casing crew (specialized for running and cementing)

Resources:

  • Casing string (with correct size and specifications)
  • Cementing equipment (mixer, pump, etc.)
  • Downhole tools (casing running tools, centralizers, etc.)
  • Wellbore inspection tools (camera, caliper)
  • Safety equipment (personal protective equipment, fire extinguishers, etc.)

Safety Considerations:

  • Safe handling of heavy equipment and materials
  • Confined space entry procedures (if required)
  • Proper use of safety equipment
  • Risk assessment for potential hazards (e.g., wellbore pressure, H2S gas)
  • Emergency response plan in case of incidents

Books

  • Petroleum Engineering Handbook by John M. Campbell: A comprehensive resource covering all aspects of oil and gas engineering, including drilling, completion, and production.
  • Drilling Engineering: A Comprehensive Approach by K.E. Gray: A detailed guide to drilling operations, including planning, execution, and well control.
  • Well Completion Engineering by R.L. Nielsen: A specialized text focusing on the completion phase of well development, encompassing activities like casing, cementing, and perforating.

Articles

  • "Optimizing Span Activities in Oil & Gas Drilling" by [Author name], [Journal name]: A relevant research article exploring strategies to optimize efficiency and productivity during span activities.
  • "The Importance of Hammocks in Drilling Operations" by [Author name], [Journal name]: An article focused specifically on the significance of hammocks and their contribution to successful well development.
  • "Managing Span Activities: A Practical Approach" by [Author name], [Company/Organization name]: A case study or practical guide discussing the management of span activities in real-world scenarios.

Online Resources

  • SPE (Society of Petroleum Engineers): The SPE website offers a wealth of technical publications, presentations, and resources related to all aspects of oil and gas production, including drilling, completion, and production.
  • OnePetro: This platform provides access to a vast collection of industry technical documents and research articles, including those related to span activities and drilling operations.
  • Oil & Gas Journal: This online publication regularly features articles and news updates on the latest advancements and challenges in the oil and gas sector, including drilling and production practices.

Search Tips

  • Use specific keywords like "span activity," "hammock," "drilling operations," "off-bottom activities," and "well completion."
  • Combine keywords with phrases like "efficiency optimization," "safety protocols," and "best practices."
  • Include relevant industry terms like "drilling rig," "wellbore," "casing," and "cementing."
  • Filter your search results by date or by source (e.g., academic journals, industry publications, news websites).

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