Estimation et contrôle des coûts

Incurred Cost

Coûts Engagés : Le Coût Réel des Opérations Pétrolières et Gazières

Dans le monde complexe du pétrole et du gaz, comprendre les véritables implications financières des projets est primordial. Un terme crucial à cet égard est "Coût Engagé". Ce concept va au-delà du simple suivi des dépenses ; il englobe l'obligation financière totale pour tous les biens, services et travaux entrepris à ce jour.

Ce que le Coût Engagé Englobe :

  • Coûts Directs : Ce sont les dépenses les plus facilement identifiables directement associées à un projet, telles que les matériaux, la main-d'œuvre et la location d'équipement.
  • Coûts Indirects : Ces coûts sont moins directement liés au projet, mais restent nécessaires à son achèvement. Des exemples incluent les frais administratifs, les assurances et les frais généraux.
  • Passifs : Cela comprend les paiements en suspens pour les biens et services déjà reçus, mais non encore payés. Cela englobe également les obligations contractuelles pour les paiements futurs, même si le travail n'a pas été achevé.

Coût Engagé vs. Dépenses Totales à Ce Jour :

Bien que les deux termes mesurent les dépenses financières, ils diffèrent légèrement :

  • Coût Engagé : Représente l'obligation financière totale, y compris les paiements effectifs effectués et les passifs en suspens.
  • Dépenses Totales à Ce Jour : Se concentre sur le flux de trésorerie réel qui a été effectué à ce jour.

Pourquoi le Coût Engagé est-il Important? :

  • Rapports Financiers : Il offre une image plus précise de l'engagement financier réel envers un projet, y compris les obligations futures.
  • Gestion de Projet : La compréhension du coût engagé permet d'évaluer la santé financière d'un projet, d'identifier les dépassements de coûts potentiels et d'ajuster les dépenses futures en conséquence.
  • Décisions d'Investissement : Il aide les investisseurs à déterminer la vraie rentabilité des projets pétroliers et gaziers et à prendre des décisions d'investissement éclairées.

Comprendre le Coût Engagé :

  • La Documentation est Essentielle : La tenue de registres précis de tous les coûts, y compris les passifs, est essentielle pour un calcul précis.
  • Surveillance Régulière : Le suivi et l'analyse réguliers du coût engagé permettent d'identifier les dépassements de coûts potentiels rapidement.
  • Stratégies de Contrôle des Coûts : La mise en œuvre de mesures de contrôle des coûts, telles que les appels d'offres compétitifs et l'utilisation efficace des ressources, est cruciale pour gérer le coût engagé.

En Conclusion :

Le coût engagé est une métrique critique dans les opérations pétrolières et gazières, offrant une image complète de l'engagement financier et aidant à la prise de décision éclairée. En comprenant ce terme et ses nuances, les parties prenantes du secteur peuvent obtenir des informations précieuses sur la santé des projets et prendre des décisions stratégiques pour garantir des résultats profitables.

Test Your Knowledge

Quiz on Incurred Costs in Oil & Gas

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What does "Incurred Cost" encompass?

a) Only the direct costs of a project b) All expenses paid to date c) Total financial obligation, including liabilities d) Only the cost of materials used

Answer

c) Total financial obligation, including liabilities

2. How does Incurred Cost differ from Total Expenditure to Date?

a) Incurred Cost includes only actual payments made b) Total Expenditure to Date includes future liabilities c) Incurred Cost reflects all financial commitments, including unpaid obligations d) There is no difference between the two terms

Answer

c) Incurred Cost reflects all financial commitments, including unpaid obligations

3. Why is understanding Incurred Cost crucial for financial reporting?

a) It helps to determine the exact amount of profit made b) It provides a more accurate picture of project's financial commitment c) It is required by law for all oil & gas companies d) It is used to calculate the total cost of a project

Answer

b) It provides a more accurate picture of project's financial commitment

4. Which of the following is NOT an example of an indirect cost?

a) Insurance premiums b) Salaries of administrative staff c) Cost of drilling equipment d) Overhead expenses

Answer

c) Cost of drilling equipment

5. What is the key to accurately calculating Incurred Cost?

a) Having a clear understanding of project deadlines b) Maintaining detailed documentation of all costs and liabilities c) Using advanced financial software d) Consulting with a financial advisor

Answer

b) Maintaining detailed documentation of all costs and liabilities

Exercise on Incurred Costs

Scenario:

An oil & gas company is developing a new well. They have incurred the following costs:

  • Direct Costs:
    • Drilling equipment rental: $1,000,000
    • Labor costs: $500,000
    • Materials: $200,000
  • Indirect Costs:
    • Administrative expenses: $100,000
    • Insurance: $50,000
  • Liabilities:
    • Outstanding payments to contractors: $300,000
    • Future contractual obligations for equipment maintenance: $150,000

Task:

Calculate the total Incurred Cost for this well project.

Exercice Correction

**Total Incurred Cost Calculation:** * Direct Costs: $1,000,000 + $500,000 + $200,000 = $1,700,000 * Indirect Costs: $100,000 + $50,000 = $150,000 * Liabilities: $300,000 + $150,000 = $450,000 * **Total Incurred Cost = $1,700,000 + $150,000 + $450,000 = $2,300,000**

Books

  • "Oil and Gas Accounting" by Michael J. O'Connell: This book provides a comprehensive overview of accounting principles and practices specific to the oil and gas industry, covering incurred costs in detail.
  • "Financial Management for the Oil and Gas Industry" by John A. Tracy: This book delves into financial management techniques for oil & gas operations, including cost accounting, budgeting, and project evaluation, which often involve the concept of incurred costs.
  • "Petroleum Engineering: Principles and Practices" by Tarek Ahmed: While focusing on engineering aspects, this book touches upon the economic and financial aspects of oil & gas projects, including cost estimation and incurred costs.

Articles

  • "Incurred Cost Accounting for Oil & Gas Projects" by [Author Name], [Journal Name]: You can find specific articles on incurred cost accounting in various industry journals. Search for articles on relevant platforms like Oil & Gas Journal, Journal of Petroleum Technology, and SPE publications.
  • "Cost Overruns in Oil & Gas Projects: A Critical Review" by [Author Name], [Journal Name]: This type of article might discuss the significance of incurred cost tracking in managing and preventing cost overruns.

Online Resources

  • Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE): The SPE website offers resources for professionals in the oil & gas industry, including articles, publications, and technical presentations that often touch upon financial aspects like incurred costs.
  • American Petroleum Institute (API): This industry association provides various resources, including standards and guidelines, which might cover cost accounting practices relevant to incurred costs.
  • Oil & Gas Journal (OGJ): This industry publication offers news articles, analysis, and technical content that often discusses financial aspects of oil & gas operations, including cost management and incurred costs.
  • Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB): While not specifically focused on oil & gas, the FASB provides accounting standards that companies must adhere to, which include guidelines for recognizing and reporting incurred costs.

Search Tips

  • Use specific keywords: Instead of just searching "incurred cost," use more specific keywords like "incurred cost oil and gas," "incurred cost accounting oil and gas," or "cost control oil and gas."
  • Combine keywords: Use phrases like "incurred cost vs. expenditure" or "incurred cost management oil and gas."
  • Use Boolean operators: Use "AND" or "OR" to refine your search. For example, "incurred cost AND oil AND gas AND accounting."
  • Include relevant keywords: Include relevant keywords like "project management," "cost estimation," or "financial reporting" to narrow down your search.
  • Use advanced search options: Utilize Google's advanced search operators to refine your results further.

Techniques

Termes similaires
Traitement du pétrole et du gaz
Estimation et contrôle des coûts
Budgétisation et contrôle financier
Planification et ordonnancement du projet
Gestion des contrats et du périmètre
Gestion des achats et de la chaîne d'approvisionnement
Les plus regardés

Comments

No Comments
POST COMMENT
captcha
Back