Forage et complétion de puits

Sliding Time

Temps de glissement : Un facteur critique dans les opérations de puits

Dans le monde de l'exploration et de la production de pétrole et de gaz, des opérations de puits efficaces et efficientes sont primordiales. Un aspect clé qui a un impact direct sur ces opérations est le **temps de glissement**, un terme utilisé pour décrire le temps passé à **faire glisser le train de tiges le long du puits** lors de la sortie ou de la ré-entrée d'un puits.

**Comprendre le temps de glissement :**

Le temps de glissement est un facteur critique dans les opérations de puits car il représente le **temps non productif**. Pendant ce temps, le train de tiges n'est pas en train de forer activement ou de réaliser d'autres opérations de puits. Cela peut entraîner :

  • **Des coûts de forage accrus :** Faire glisser le train de tiges nécessite de l'énergie et du temps, ce qui contribue aux dépenses globales de forage.
  • **Une productivité du puits réduite :** Plus de temps passé à glisser signifie moins de temps consacré au forage réel, ce qui peut affecter le taux de production global du puits.
  • **Risque de complications :** Faire glisser le train de tiges peut augmenter le risque de blocage du train de tiges, en particulier dans des environnements de puits difficiles.

**Facteurs affectant le temps de glissement :**

Plusieurs facteurs influencent la durée du temps de glissement lors d'une opération de puits :

  • **Profondeur du puits :** Les puits plus profonds nécessitent naturellement plus de temps de glissement pour atteindre la zone cible.
  • **Géométrie du puits :** Les puits complexes avec de multiples virages et déviations peuvent augmenter les distances de glissement et le temps.
  • **Longueur du train de tiges :** Les trains de tiges plus longs augmentent le temps requis pour le glissement.
  • **Équipement de forage :** Un équipement et des procédures de forage efficaces peuvent minimiser le temps de glissement.
  • **Conditions du puits :** Des conditions difficiles du puits, telles que les puits à fort angle ou les formations serrées, peuvent entraîner une augmentation du temps de glissement.

**Minimiser le temps de glissement :**

Réduire le temps de glissement est crucial pour optimiser les opérations de puits. Plusieurs stratégies peuvent être employées pour y parvenir :

  • **Conception optimisée du train de tiges :** L'utilisation de trains de tiges plus courts ou d'équipements spécialisés peut réduire la distance de glissement globale.
  • **Planification efficace du puits :** Une planification minutieuse des trajectoires du puits et de la sélection de l'équipement peut minimiser le temps de glissement.
  • **Techniques de forage avancées :** L'utilisation de techniques telles que le forage directionnel et le forage sous-équilibré peut réduire le besoin de glissement excessif.
  • **Surveillance et intervention du puits :** Une surveillance constante des conditions du puits et des interventions proactives peuvent contribuer à éviter les blocages du train de tiges et à minimiser le temps de glissement.

**Conclusion :**

Le temps de glissement est une considération essentielle dans les opérations de puits. Comprendre son impact, les facteurs qui l'affectent et mettre en œuvre des stratégies pour le minimiser est crucial pour optimiser l'efficacité du forage, réduire les coûts et maximiser la productivité du puits. En optimisant le temps de glissement, l'industrie du pétrole et du gaz peut garantir des opérations de puits plus sûres, plus durables et rentables.


Test Your Knowledge

Quiz on Sliding Time in Well Operations

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is sliding time in well operations?

(a) The time spent drilling the wellbore. (b) The time spent cementing the well. (c) The time spent moving the drill pipe along the wellbore without drilling. (d) The time spent performing well logging operations.

Answer

The correct answer is (c): The time spent moving the drill pipe along the wellbore without drilling.

2. Why is sliding time considered non-productive time?

(a) Because the drill pipe is not actively drilling. (b) Because it requires significant manpower. (c) Because it increases the risk of wellbore instability. (d) Because it is a time-consuming process.

Answer

The correct answer is (a): Because the drill pipe is not actively drilling.

3. Which of the following factors does NOT directly influence sliding time?

(a) Well depth (b) Drill pipe length (c) Drilling fluid type (d) Wellbore geometry

Answer

The correct answer is (c): Drilling fluid type. While drilling fluid properties affect drilling efficiency, they do not directly impact sliding time.

4. How can optimized drill string design help reduce sliding time?

(a) By using heavier drill pipe to increase drilling speed. (b) By utilizing shorter drill strings to minimize the sliding distance. (c) By increasing the number of drill pipe connections to improve drilling efficiency. (d) By employing advanced drilling techniques like underbalanced drilling.

Answer

The correct answer is (b): By utilizing shorter drill strings to minimize the sliding distance.

5. What is the primary benefit of minimizing sliding time in well operations?

(a) Reducing the risk of stuck pipe. (b) Increasing the well production rate. (c) Decreasing drilling costs. (d) All of the above.

Answer

The correct answer is (d): All of the above. Minimizing sliding time contributes to reducing stuck pipe risk, increasing production rate, and lowering drilling costs.

Exercise on Sliding Time

Scenario:

You are a drilling engineer working on a new well project. The well depth is 10,000 ft, and the wellbore has a single 90-degree deviation at 5,000 ft. Your current drill string is 12,000 ft long. You need to determine the total sliding time required for reaching the target depth and estimate the potential cost associated with this non-productive time.

Task:

  1. Calculate the total sliding distance for this well.
  2. Estimate the average sliding speed of the drill pipe (consider factors like drill pipe size, equipment, and wellbore conditions).
  3. Calculate the total sliding time for this well.
  4. Estimate the cost per hour of non-productive time (consider factors like crew wages, equipment rental, and operational expenses).
  5. Calculate the estimated cost associated with the sliding time.

Note: You can make assumptions based on your knowledge of drilling operations and typical industry practices.

Exercise Correction

This exercise requires specific data that is not provided. You need to research typical values for drilling operations to accurately solve it. Here is a basic outline to guide you: 1. **Total Sliding Distance:** * Sliding occurs from the surface to the deviation point (5,000 ft) and again from the deviation point to the total depth (10,000 ft). * Total sliding distance = 5,000 ft + (10,000 ft - 5,000 ft) = 10,000 ft 2. **Average Sliding Speed:** * Research typical sliding speeds for your specific drill pipe size and equipment. Consider factors like wellbore conditions and potential restrictions. Let's assume 50 ft/min as an average for this example. 3. **Total Sliding Time:** * Total sliding time = Total sliding distance / Average sliding speed * Total sliding time = 10,000 ft / 50 ft/min = 200 minutes = 3.33 hours 4. **Cost per hour of Non-productive Time:** * This is a highly variable value depending on your project and location. You need to gather information on your crew wages, equipment rental, and operational expenses to estimate the cost per hour. For this example, let's assume a cost of $1,000/hour. 5. **Estimated Cost Associated with Sliding Time:** * Estimated cost = Total sliding time x Cost per hour * Estimated cost = 3.33 hours x $1,000/hour = $3,330 **Note:** These are just estimates. You need to research industry benchmarks and consider specific details of your project to arrive at a more accurate cost assessment.


Books

  • Drilling Engineering: This comprehensive book covers various aspects of drilling operations, including sliding time considerations. You can find sections dedicated to drill string design, wellbore planning, and drilling techniques that directly impact sliding time.
    • Author: Bourgoyne, Jr., A.T.; Millheim, K.K.; Chenevert, M.E.; and Economides, M.J.
    • Publisher: Society of Petroleum Engineers
  • Petroleum Engineering Handbook: This handbook provides a detailed overview of petroleum engineering practices, including well drilling and completion. Sections on drilling optimization and wellbore design offer valuable insights into managing sliding time.
    • Author: Society of Petroleum Engineers
  • Modern Well Construction: This book focuses on various aspects of well construction, including drilling, cementing, and completion. It highlights the importance of optimizing sliding time in specific scenarios and discusses the latest technologies and techniques.
    • Author: B.C. Craft and H.F. Hawkins

Articles

  • "Optimization of Drill String Design for Reducing Sliding Time in Directional Wells" by [Author names], [Journal Name], [Year]: This article focuses on specific strategies for designing drill strings to minimize sliding time in challenging wellbores.
  • "Analysis of Sliding Time Impact on Drilling Costs and Productivity" by [Author names], [Journal Name], [Year]: This article explores the financial implications of sliding time and offers data-driven insights into the costs and production losses associated with it.
  • "Advanced Drilling Techniques for Minimizing Sliding Time in Deepwater Wells" by [Author names], [Journal Name], [Year]: This article examines the use of specialized drilling techniques in deepwater environments to optimize sliding time and maintain drilling efficiency.

Online Resources

  • Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE): The SPE website offers a vast library of technical papers and articles related to drilling operations, including sliding time optimization. Search their database using keywords like "sliding time," "drill string design," or "wellbore planning."
  • OnePetro: This online platform provides access to a vast collection of technical information, including articles, presentations, and research papers on drilling and well operations. Utilize their search function to find relevant resources on sliding time.
  • Oilfield Glossary: This online glossary provides definitions and explanations of various oil and gas industry terms, including "sliding time." It can help you understand the terminology and concepts related to this topic.

Search Tips

  • Use specific keywords: Combine keywords like "sliding time," "drilling efficiency," "wellbore planning," and "drill string design" to refine your search results.
  • Specify search parameters: Use filters like "published date," "file type," and "language" to narrow down your search.
  • Explore related searches: Utilize Google's "related searches" feature to discover additional relevant content based on your initial search query.

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