Forage et complétion de puits

Medium Radius

Rayon moyen : naviguer la trajectoire du puits en retenue

Dans le monde du forage directionnel, le terme « rayon moyen » fait référence à un type spécifique de trajectoire de puits caractérisé par une **déviation modérée**. Ce taux est généralement défini comme étant **entre 8 et 12 degrés de changement dans la direction du puits pour chaque 100 pieds de profondeur forée**.

Pourquoi le rayon moyen est-il important ?

Les puits de rayon moyen offrent un équilibre entre **déviation contrôlée** et **forage efficace**. Ils sont généralement utilisés lorsque:

  • Cibler un horizon sous-terrain spécifique : en maintenant un taux de déviation modéré, les puits de rayon moyen peuvent atteindre efficacement les formations ciblées tout en minimisant le risque de dog-legging excessif ou de dépassement de l'inclinaison admissible du puits.
  • Optimisation de la stabilité du puits : La déviation contrôlée empêche les changements brusques de pression et de contrainte du puits, favorisant la stabilité et minimisant le risque d'effondrement du puits ou d'autres problèmes.
  • Maintien de l'efficacité de forage : par rapport aux puits à rayon élevé, les puits à rayon moyen nécessitent des équipements de forage moins complexes et peuvent être forés plus efficacement, ce qui conduit à des temps de forage plus rapides et à des coûts réduits.

Changement de déviation du puits à 8° par 100 pieds :

Un changement de déviation du puits de 8 degrés par 100 pieds se situe dans la plage typique des puits de rayon moyen. Cela signifie que pour chaque 100 pieds forés verticalement, le puits changera de direction de 8 degrés.

Visualisation de la déviation :

Imaginez une ligne droite représentant le puits vertical. Au fur et à mesure que le forage progresse, le puits commence à dévier de cette trajectoire droite. Avec une déviation de 8° par 100 pieds, le puits se courbera progressivement à partir de la ligne verticale, formant un arc lisse avec un rayon spécifique.

Applications des puits de rayon moyen :

Les puits de rayon moyen sont couramment utilisés dans divers scénarios de forage, notamment:

  • Exploration et production pétrolière et gazière en mer et à terre : Les puits de rayon moyen sont particulièrement utiles pour atteindre des cibles à des profondeurs et des inclinaisons modérées.
  • Développement de l'énergie géothermique : Ces puits sont utilisés pour accéder aux ressources géothermiques souterraines, offrant une source d'énergie durable.
  • Gestion des ressources en eau : Les puits de rayon moyen sont utilisés pour extraire les ressources en eau souterraine, assurant un approvisionnement en eau efficace et durable.

Conclusion :

Les puits de rayon moyen, avec leurs taux de déviation caractéristiques, constituent un outil précieux pour naviguer dans des environnements souterrains complexes. En équilibrant la déviation contrôlée et l'efficacité de forage, ils offrent une solution pratique et efficace pour atteindre les formations ciblées tout en maintenant la stabilité du puits. La compréhension des concepts de rayon moyen et de leur application est cruciale pour optimiser la planification et l'exécution des puits dans divers scénarios de forage.


Test Your Knowledge

Medium Radius Quiz

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the typical deviation rate for a medium radius well?

a) 2-4 degrees per 100 feet

Answer

Incorrect. This range is typical for low-radius wells.

b) 8-12 degrees per 100 feet

Answer

Correct. This is the standard range for medium radius wells.

c) 15-20 degrees per 100 feet

Answer

Incorrect. This range is typical for high-radius wells.

d) More than 20 degrees per 100 feet

Answer

Incorrect. This deviation rate would be considered extremely high.

2. Why are medium radius wells beneficial for targeting specific subsurface horizons?

a) They allow for rapid drilling and reach the target quickly.

Answer

Incorrect. While they are efficient, their primary benefit is controlled deviation.

b) They can navigate complex formations with minimal deviation.

Answer

Incorrect. This is more applicable to low-radius wells.

c) They maintain a controlled deviation rate to reach the target accurately.

Answer

Correct. Their moderate deviation allows for precise targeting.

d) They are the most cost-effective option for all drilling scenarios.

Answer

Incorrect. The cost-effectiveness depends on the specific drilling scenario.

3. Which of the following is NOT a reason why medium radius wells are considered efficient?

a) They require less complex drilling equipment.

Answer

Incorrect. This is a benefit of medium radius wells.

b) They can be drilled faster than high-radius wells.

Answer

Incorrect. This is a benefit of medium radius wells.

c) They often require multiple drilling stages to reach the target.

Answer

Correct. They are often more efficient than high-radius wells due to simpler equipment and faster drilling times.

d) They minimize drilling costs compared to other well types.

Answer

Incorrect. This is a benefit of medium radius wells.

4. What is the primary advantage of medium radius wells in terms of wellbore stability?

a) They create a wider wellbore, improving stability.

Answer

Incorrect. Wellbore diameter is determined by other factors.

b) They minimize sudden changes in wellbore pressure and stress.

Answer

Correct. Controlled deviation prevents sudden shifts in pressure and stress, promoting stability.

c) They allow for the use of stronger casing materials for increased stability.

Answer

Incorrect. Casing selection is influenced by other factors.

d) They are less susceptible to wellbore collapse due to their steeper angle.

Answer

Incorrect. The angle can actually increase the risk of collapse in some cases.

5. In which of the following applications are medium radius wells commonly used?

a) Shallow water drilling for oil and gas.

Answer

Incorrect. While they can be used in shallow water, they are more common for moderate depths.

b) Horizontal drilling for unconventional resources.

Answer

Incorrect. Horizontal drilling typically involves higher deviation rates.

c) Geothermal energy development.

Answer

Correct. Medium radius wells are often employed in geothermal energy extraction.

d) All of the above.

Answer

Incorrect. Medium radius wells are not typically used for horizontal drilling in unconventional resources.

Medium Radius Exercise

Scenario:

You are planning a well to target a reservoir located 3000 feet below the surface with an inclination of 25 degrees. You decide to use a medium radius trajectory with a deviation rate of 10 degrees per 100 feet.

Task:

  1. Calculate the total horizontal displacement (MD) of the wellbore at the target depth.
  2. Determine the measured depth (MD) of the wellbore at the target depth.

Instructions:

  • Use trigonometry to solve the problem.
  • Consider the inclination at the target depth and the total deviation.
  • Round your answers to the nearest foot.

Exercice Correction

1. Total Horizontal Displacement (MD): * **Inclination angle:** 25 degrees * **Vertical depth:** 3000 feet * **Total deviation:** 10 degrees per 100 feet * 30 (100-foot intervals) = 300 degrees * **Horizontal displacement:** 3000 * tan(25) = 1400 feet (approximately) 2. Measured Depth (MD): * **Vertical depth:** 3000 feet * **Total deviation:** 300 degrees * **Measured depth:** 3000 / cos(25) = 3314 feet (approximately)


Books

  • Directional Drilling Handbook: This comprehensive handbook covers all aspects of directional drilling, including well path design, drilling techniques, and equipment. It should provide detailed information on medium radius wells and their applications.
  • Petroleum Engineering Handbook: This handbook provides an in-depth understanding of petroleum engineering principles, including drilling operations. You can find sections on directional drilling and well trajectory design, which will likely include information on medium radius wells.
  • Drilling Engineering: This textbook offers a detailed explanation of drilling principles and practices, including directional drilling. It should cover different well trajectory types, including medium radius wells, and their application in various drilling scenarios.

Articles

  • "Medium Radius Wells: A Balanced Approach to Directional Drilling" - Search for articles with this title or similar keywords. This type of article would likely focus on the advantages and disadvantages of medium radius wells and compare them to other types of well trajectories.
  • "Directional Drilling Techniques for Optimizing Well Placement" - This article could discuss various directional drilling techniques, including those used to design and drill medium radius wells.
  • "Well Trajectory Design and Optimization for Reservoir Access" - Search for articles exploring well trajectory design and how to optimize it for specific reservoir conditions. This could cover different types of wells, including medium radius wells, and their suitability for various reservoir scenarios.

Online Resources

  • Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE): SPE's website and publications are excellent resources for technical information on directional drilling and well trajectory design. You can search their database for articles and presentations related to medium radius wells.
  • American Petroleum Institute (API): API publishes standards and guidelines for the oil and gas industry, including drilling practices. Their website might contain relevant information on medium radius well design and drilling techniques.
  • Directional Drilling Training Courses: Online courses offered by organizations like SPE or other drilling training providers can provide in-depth knowledge about directional drilling, including medium radius wells.

Search Tips

  • Use specific keywords: When searching Google, use specific terms like "medium radius well," "directional drilling," "well trajectory design," and "drilling engineering."
  • Combine keywords: Combine different keywords to narrow down your search results. For example, "medium radius well drilling techniques" or "medium radius well applications in oil and gas."
  • Use quotation marks: To find exact phrases, enclose your search term in quotation marks. For instance, "medium radius well design" will only show results containing that exact phrase.
  • Explore related websites: After finding relevant articles or websites, explore their related links and resources to discover more information about medium radius wells and their applications.

Techniques

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