ID Drift (of pipe)

Français

Dérive du Diamètre Interne : Un Facteur Critique pour les Pipelines Pétroliers et Gaziers

Dans l'industrie pétrolière et gazière, le terme "Dérive du Diamètre Interne" (DDI) fait référence au phénomène où le diamètre interne (DI) d'un tuyau augmente progressivement au fil du temps. Cette augmentation peut être causée par divers facteurs, notamment :

Érosion : L'écoulement des fluides, en particulier ceux contenant des particules abrasives, peut user la surface interne du tuyau, conduisant à un DI plus grand.
Corrosion : Des réactions chimiques entre le matériau du tuyau et les fluides transportés peuvent également éroder la surface interne, augmentant le DI.
Dommages mécaniques : Des forces externes, telles que des vibrations ou des impacts, peuvent causer des bosses ou des déformations dans le tuyau, augmentant finalement le DI.

Pourquoi la DDI est-elle préoccupante ?

La DDI peut avoir un impact significatif sur les performances et la sécurité des pipelines. Voici comment :

Capacité de débit réduite : Lorsque le DI augmente, la surface de section transversale du tuyau diminue, ce qui entraîne une capacité de débit réduite. Cela peut avoir un impact négatif sur les taux de production et l'efficacité.
Perte de charge accrue : La section transversale réduite entraîne également une perte de charge accrue, nécessitant des pressions de pompage plus élevées pour maintenir le débit. Cela augmente la consommation d'énergie et les coûts opérationnels.
Risque de fuites : Si la DDI est suffisamment importante, la paroi du tuyau peut devenir mince et faible, augmentant le risque de fuites et de dommages environnementaux potentiels.

OD de la dérive qui traversera le tube :

Le diamètre extérieur (OD) de la dérive qui peut traverser un tube est directement lié au DI original du tube. L'OD de la dérive doit être légèrement inférieur au DI original pour assurer un ajustement serré et éviter une usure excessive de la surface interne du tube.

Par exemple : Si un tube a un DI de 4 pouces, une dérive avec un OD de 3,9 pouces serait un choix approprié.

Gestion de la DDI :

Sélection des matériaux : Choisir des matériaux résistant à la corrosion et utiliser des revêtements protecteurs peut minimiser l'impact de la corrosion.
Inspection régulière : Des inspections fréquentes à l'aide d'outils tels que des jauges d'épaisseur ultrasoniques aident à surveiller la DDI et à identifier les problèmes potentiels tôt.
Optimisation du débit : Ajuster les débits et minimiser la présence de particules abrasives peut réduire l'érosion.
Remédiation : En cas de DDI importante, la réparation ou le remplacement des sections de tuyau affectées peuvent être nécessaires.

En comprenant les causes, les impacts et les stratégies de gestion de la DDI, les sociétés pétrolières et gazières peuvent garantir le fonctionnement efficace et sûr de leurs pipelines, minimisant ainsi les coûts opérationnels et les risques environnementaux.

Test Your Knowledge

ID Drift Quiz:

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is ID Drift? a) The gradual decrease in the inner diameter of a pipe. b) The gradual increase in the inner diameter of a pipe. c) The change in the outer diameter of a pipe. d) The change in the length of a pipe.

Answer

b) The gradual increase in the inner diameter of a pipe.

2. Which of the following is NOT a cause of ID Drift? a) Erosion b) Corrosion c) Mechanical damage d) Temperature fluctuations

Answer

d) Temperature fluctuations

3. What is a significant consequence of ID Drift? a) Increased flow capacity b) Reduced pressure drop c) Potential for leaks d) Improved efficiency

Answer

c) Potential for leaks

4. How can ID Drift be managed? a) Using only steel pipes b) Ignoring the problem c) Regular inspections and maintenance d) Increasing flow rates

Answer

c) Regular inspections and maintenance

5. What is the relationship between a drift's OD and a tube's ID? a) The drift's OD should be larger than the tube's ID. b) The drift's OD should be smaller than the tube's ID. c) The drift's OD should be equal to the tube's ID. d) There is no relationship between the two.

Answer

b) The drift's OD should be smaller than the tube's ID.

ID Drift Exercise:

Scenario: A pipeline with an original ID of 6 inches is experiencing ID Drift. After a period of operation, the ID has increased to 6.2 inches.

Task:

Calculate the percentage increase in the ID.
Explain how this increase in ID might affect the flow capacity of the pipeline.
What potential risks are associated with this level of ID Drift?
Suggest at least two steps that could be taken to address this issue.

Exercice Correction

**1. Percentage Increase in ID:**

Original ID: 6 inches

Current ID: 6.2 inches

Increase in ID: 6.2 - 6 = 0.2 inches

Percentage Increase: (0.2 / 6) * 100 = 3.33%

**2. Impact on Flow Capacity:**

The increase in ID leads to a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the pipe, reducing its flow capacity. This means that less fluid can pass through the pipe at a given pressure and velocity.

**3. Potential Risks:**

- Increased pressure drop, leading to higher energy consumption.

- Thinning of the pipe wall, increasing the risk of leaks and potential environmental damage.

- Reduced production rates and efficiency.

**4. Addressing the Issue:**

- **Regular inspections:** Implement a program for regular inspections using tools like ultrasonic thickness gauges to monitor the ID Drift and identify potential problems early.

- **Flow optimization:** Adjust flow rates and minimize the presence of abrasive particles in the pipeline to reduce erosion and minimize further ID Drift.

- Depending on the severity of the ID Drift, repair or replacement of the affected pipe sections may be necessary.

Books

Pipeline Integrity Management: A Practical Guide by David A. Hill, Kevin C. Focke, and Paul D. Roberts (This book covers various aspects of pipeline integrity, including corrosion and erosion, which are key factors in ID Drift.)
Pipelines and Pipelining: Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance by E.S. Pipes (This comprehensive book discusses pipeline design, construction, and maintenance, providing insights into factors that contribute to ID Drift.)
Corrosion Engineering by Dennis R. Croft (A classic textbook on corrosion, covering different types of corrosion and their impact on pipelines. This provides a foundation for understanding how corrosion contributes to ID Drift.)

Articles

"Internal Corrosion in Oil and Gas Pipelines: A Review" by N.K. Rastogi and R.K. Singhal (This article provides a comprehensive overview of internal corrosion mechanisms and their impact on pipeline integrity.)
"Erosion-Corrosion in Pipelines: Mechanisms, Mitigation Strategies, and Case Studies" by A.K. Singh (This article delves into the complex phenomenon of erosion-corrosion, a significant contributor to ID Drift in pipelines.)
"Pipeline Integrity Management: A Case Study of ID Drift" by M.J. Smith and J.D. Brown (This case study explores a specific instance of ID Drift and its impact on pipeline performance, highlighting management strategies employed.)

Online Resources

American Petroleum Institute (API): The API provides numerous resources on pipeline integrity management, including standards, guidelines, and technical reports related to ID Drift.
National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE): NACE offers resources on corrosion and its impact on pipelines, including publications, training materials, and case studies.
Pipeline Safety Trust: This non-profit organization provides information on pipeline safety and regulation, including resources related to ID Drift and its impact on pipeline integrity.

Search Tips

Use specific keywords: When searching, use keywords like "ID drift," "pipeline erosion," "pipeline corrosion," "pipeline integrity," and "pipeline maintenance."
Combine keywords: Combine keywords for specific topics, such as "ID drift + pipeline inspection" or "ID drift + flow optimization."
Include industry terms: Use industry-specific terms like "API 5L," "ISO 15800," and "API 1163" to refine your search results.
Explore academic databases: Use databases like Google Scholar, JSTOR, and ScienceDirect to find peer-reviewed research articles on ID Drift in pipelines.