Les pompes à balancier sont des composants essentiels dans l'extraction pétrolière et gazière, facilitant le levage et l'abaissement efficaces de la tige de pompage - la longue tige articulée reliant la pompe en fond de trou aux équipements de surface. Cependant, ce processus présente des défis inhérents, principalement le poids considérable de la tige de pompage. Pour y remédier, les **contrepoids** jouent un rôle crucial.
Les contrepoids sont des **masses rotatives** stratégiquement positionnées sur le balancier de la pompe à balancier. Leur objectif est de **compenser le poids de la tige de pompage**, réduisant ainsi efficacement la charge sur le moteur et les paliers, et assurant un fonctionnement fluide et efficace.
En neutralisant efficacement le poids de la tige de pompage, les contrepoids sont essentiels au bon fonctionnement et à l'efficacité des pompes à balancier. Ils jouent un rôle essentiel dans l'optimisation des performances, la minimisation de l'usure, la prolongation de la durée de vie et la garantie de la sécurité des opérations d'extraction pétrolière et gazière.
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is the primary function of counterbalance weights in beam lift pump jacks? a) To increase the lifting capacity of the pump jack. b) To reduce the load on the motor and bearings. c) To prevent the rod string from swaying. d) To lubricate the moving parts of the pump jack.
The correct answer is **b) To reduce the load on the motor and bearings.** Counterbalance weights are designed to offset the weight of the rod string, thereby reducing the load on the pump jack's components.
2. How do counterbalance weights achieve their purpose? a) By adding extra weight to the pump jack. b) By generating a moment that opposes the weight of the rod string. c) By creating friction to slow down the rod string's movement. d) By absorbing the energy generated by the rod string's movement.
The correct answer is **b) By generating a moment that opposes the weight of the rod string.** The strategically positioned counterbalance weights create a turning force that balances the weight of the rod string.
3. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using counterbalance weights? a) Increased efficiency. b) Reduced maintenance costs. c) Improved safety. d) Increased lifting capacity.
The correct answer is **d) Increased lifting capacity.** Counterbalance weights do not increase the lifting capacity of the pump jack. They help in efficient operation and reduced load, not in increasing the lifting capacity.
4. What factor(s) need to be considered when selecting the weight of the counterbalance weights? a) Only the weight of the rod string. b) Only the length of the beam. c) The weight of the rod string, beam length, and other factors. d) Only the weight of the motor.
The correct answer is **c) The weight of the rod string, beam length, and other factors.** Selecting the correct weight depends on a combination of factors, including the rod string weight, beam length, and other operational parameters.
5. What is the importance of regularly inspecting and adjusting counterbalance weights? a) To ensure the pump jack remains aesthetically pleasing. b) To maintain optimal performance and prevent damage. c) To increase the lifespan of the rod string. d) To reduce noise levels during operation.
The correct answer is **b) To maintain optimal performance and prevent damage.** Regular inspections and adjustments are crucial for ensuring proper balance and preventing wear and tear on the pump jack and its components.
Scenario: You are working on a beam lift pump jack with a rod string weighing 10,000 lbs. The beam is 20 feet long. You need to calculate the ideal weight of the counterbalance weights to ensure proper balance.
Instructions:
To calculate the ideal weight of the counterbalance weights, you need to consider the following factors:
The principle of moments can be applied to determine the necessary counterbalance weight:
Moment of Rod String = Moment of Counterbalance Weights
Rod String Weight x Distance from Pivot Point = Counterbalance Weight x Moment Arm
10,000 lbs x 10 feet = Counterbalance Weight x 10 feet
Therefore, the ideal weight of the counterbalance weights is 10,000 lbs.
Additional factors in a real-world scenario:
By considering all these factors and conducting thorough calculations, you can ensure the proper selection of counterbalance weights for optimal performance and safety of the beam lift pump jack.
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