Dans le monde de l'exploration et de la production pétrolières et gazières, la collecte méticuleuse de données et les mesures précises sont primordiales. Un outil crucial dans cette quête est le journal de colliers, une technique de diagraphie de câble spécialisée qui joue un rôle vital dans diverses phases opérationnelles.
Qu'est-ce qu'un Journal de Colliers ?
Un journal de colliers est un journal d'inflexion magnétique conçu pour localiser avec précision la profondeur des connexions de tuyaux filetés, communément appelées colliers, dans les puits. Il s'agit essentiellement d'un détecteur magnétique très sensible qui identifie les changements de l'intensité du champ magnétique causés par des objets métalliques, tels que les colliers, les patins de tubage et d'autres composants métalliques.
Fonctionnement :
Le journal de colliers utilise une sonde, qui est descendue dans le puits sur un câble. Cette sonde contient un magnétomètre qui mesure les variations du champ magnétique. Lorsque la sonde rencontre un collier ou un autre objet métallique, elle enregistre un changement significatif du champ magnétique, ce qui se traduit par un pic distinct sur l'enregistrement de la diagraphie.
Applications des Journaux de Colliers :
Les journaux de colliers trouvent des applications étendues dans divers aspects des opérations pétrolières et gazières, notamment :
Avantages des Journaux de Colliers :
Les journaux de colliers offrent de nombreux avantages aux opérateurs pétroliers et gaziers :
Conclusion :
Le journal de colliers, avec sa capacité à localiser avec précision les composants métalliques dans les puits, est devenu un outil indispensable pour les professionnels du pétrole et du gaz. Ses applications s'étendent à diverses phases opérationnelles, contribuant à améliorer l'efficacité, la précision et la sécurité dans la poursuite de la maximisation de la production et de la récupération des ressources.
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is the primary purpose of a collar log?
a) To measure the temperature of the wellbore. b) To determine the type of formation encountered. c) To locate the depth of threaded pipe connections. d) To measure the pressure within the wellbore.
c) To locate the depth of threaded pipe connections.
2. How does a collar log detect collars?
a) By measuring the electrical conductivity of the wellbore. b) By emitting sound waves and analyzing the echoes. c) By measuring changes in the magnetic field strength. d) By analyzing the chemical composition of the fluid in the wellbore.
c) By measuring changes in the magnetic field strength.
3. Which of the following is NOT a typical application of collar logs?
a) Well completion. b) Production logging. c) Well intervention. d) Reservoir characterization.
d) Reservoir characterization.
4. What is a major benefit of using collar logs?
a) Reduced wellbore temperature. b) Increased wellbore pressure. c) Enhanced safety during well operations. d) Reduced cost of drilling operations.
c) Enhanced safety during well operations.
5. Collar logs are considered a vital tool because they provide:
a) Accurate measurement of wellbore depth. b) Identification of potential environmental hazards. c) Data for predicting oil and gas reserves. d) Information about the history of wellbore production.
a) Accurate measurement of wellbore depth.
Scenario:
You are working on a well completion project. The drilling crew has just finished running a 9 5/8" casing string to a depth of 10,000 feet. You need to verify the placement and depth of the casing string using a collar log.
Task:
**Steps involved in running a collar log:** 1. **Prepare the collar log sonde:** Ensure the sonde is calibrated and ready for deployment. 2. **Lower the sonde into the wellbore:** Use a wireline to carefully lower the sonde down the wellbore. 3. **Record the data:** As the sonde travels down the wellbore, the magnetometer continuously measures the magnetic field strength, and the data is recorded. 4. **Retrieve the sonde:** Once the sonde reaches the desired depth or the end of the casing string, retrieve it back to the surface. 5. **Analyze the data:** Review the recorded data to identify the locations of collars and other metal components. **Information expected on the collar log record:** * **Depth of each collar:** This will indicate the depth of each pipe joint. * **Collar spacing:** This will verify that the pipe sections were properly connected and that there are no missing or misaligned joints. * **Collar size and type:** The log can identify the size and type of collars used, which is important for well integrity and future interventions. **Implications of a discrepancy in casing depth:** * **Incorrect placement:** If the collar log indicates a shallower or deeper depth than expected, it could mean the casing was not run to the correct depth, potentially compromising the wellbore integrity. * **Missing or misaligned joints:** A gap in the collar log record may indicate a missing or misaligned pipe joint. * **Consequences:** Discrepancies in casing depth can lead to various issues, including: * **Production issues:** If the casing string is not placed correctly, it can impact production efficiency and potentially lead to leaks or wellbore damage. * **Safety hazards:** Incorrect casing placement can create unsafe conditions during future well operations, increasing the risk of accidents. * **Costly repairs:** Corrective actions might be necessary to address discrepancies in casing depth, leading to additional costs and delays in the project.
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