Forage et complétion de puits

BRT (drilling)

BRT : Le héros méconnu sous la table tournante

Dans le monde animé du forage et de la complétion de puits, la table tournante est souvent au centre de l'attention. Mais cachée en dessous, effectuant sa tâche cruciale de manière silencieuse et efficace, se trouve la **Table Tournante du Fond (BRT)**. Bien que moins glamour, la BRT est un composant indispensable, jouant un rôle vital dans le bon fonctionnement du derrick de forage.

**Qu'est-ce qu'une BRT ?**

La Table Tournante du Fond (BRT) est un élément vital de l'équipement situé au bas du train de tiges de forage, reliant le tube de forage au Kelly. Elle agit comme un point de pivot pour transférer le couple et la rotation de la table tournante au train de tiges de forage, permettant ainsi les opérations de forage.

**Fonctions clés de la BRT :**

  1. **Transmission de couple :** La BRT transmet efficacement le couple généré par la table tournante au train de tiges de forage, permettant au trépan de couper à travers la terre.

  2. **Rotation :** Elle assure une rotation douce et continue du train de tiges de forage, permettant des opérations de forage efficaces.

  3. **Support de roulement :** La BRT fournit un support au train de tiges de forage, réduisant la friction et l'usure.

  4. **Lubrification :** La BRT est équipée de systèmes de lubrification pour minimiser l'usure de ses composants, garantissant une longue durée de vie et un fonctionnement efficace.

  5. **Sécurité :** La BRT est conçue avec des dispositifs de sécurité pour prévenir les accidents, tels que des connexions d'équipements de prévention des éruptions (BOP) pour une action immédiate en cas d'urgence.

**Types de BRT :**

  • **BRT mécanique :** Ces BRT utilisent des engrenages et des arbres mécaniques pour transférer le couple et la rotation. Elles sont robustes, fiables et souvent présentes dans les derricks de forage plus anciens.
  • **BRT hydraulique :** Ces BRT utilisent la puissance hydraulique pour faire tourner le train de tiges de forage. Elles offrent une plus grande capacité de couple et un meilleur contrôle, ce qui les rend adaptées aux opérations de forage complexes.

**Importance dans les opérations de forage :**

La BRT est un élément crucial du processus de forage, car elle assure le transfert en douceur et efficace du couple et de la rotation au train de tiges de forage. Sans une BRT fonctionnelle, l'opération de forage serait impossible.

**Maintenance et dépannage :**

Des inspections, une maintenance et un dépannage réguliers sont essentiels pour maintenir les performances optimales de la BRT. Cela comprend :

  • Vérifier l'usure des roulements et des engrenages
  • S'assurer d'une lubrification adéquate
  • Surveiller la pression hydraulique (pour les BRT hydrauliques)
  • Remplacer les composants usés

**Conclusion :**

La Table Tournante du Fond, bien qu'elle soit souvent invisible, est un élément vital des opérations de forage. Ses performances fiables assurent un forage efficace et contribuent de manière significative au succès de l'ensemble de l'opération. En comprenant le rôle et l'importance de la BRT, les professionnels du forage peuvent garantir des opérations de forage fluides et sûres, conduisant à une extraction efficace des ressources.


Test Your Knowledge

BRT Quiz: The Unsung Hero

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the primary function of the Bottom Rotary Table (BRT)?

a) To connect the drill pipe to the kelly. b) To transmit torque and rotation to the drill string. c) To provide lubrication to the drill string. d) To prevent blowouts during drilling operations.

Answer

The correct answer is **b) To transmit torque and rotation to the drill string.**

2. Which of the following is NOT a key function of the BRT?

a) Bearing support b) Torque transmission c) Rotation d) Mud circulation

Answer

The correct answer is **d) Mud circulation.**

3. What is the main difference between mechanical and hydraulic BRTs?

a) Mechanical BRTs are more efficient, while hydraulic BRTs are more powerful. b) Mechanical BRTs use gears and shafts, while hydraulic BRTs use hydraulic power. c) Mechanical BRTs are older, while hydraulic BRTs are newer. d) Mechanical BRTs are used for shallow drilling, while hydraulic BRTs are used for deep drilling.

Answer

The correct answer is **b) Mechanical BRTs use gears and shafts, while hydraulic BRTs use hydraulic power.**

4. Why is regular maintenance of the BRT crucial?

a) To ensure the longevity and efficiency of the BRT. b) To prevent accidents and ensure safe drilling operations. c) To reduce downtime and minimize operational costs. d) All of the above.

Answer

The correct answer is **d) All of the above.**

5. Which of the following is NOT a component of a typical BRT maintenance routine?

a) Checking for wear and tear on the bearings and gears. b) Ensuring proper lubrication. c) Monitoring hydraulic pressure (for hydraulic BRTs). d) Replacing the drill bit when it becomes worn.

Answer

The correct answer is **d) Replacing the drill bit when it becomes worn.** This is part of the overall drilling process, not specifically BRT maintenance.

BRT Exercise: Troubleshooting

Scenario: You are a drilling crew supervisor and your team reports that the drill string is rotating erratically and the torque readings are inconsistent. You suspect a problem with the BRT.

Task:

  1. List 3 possible causes of the erratic rotation and inconsistent torque readings.
  2. Describe the steps you would take to troubleshoot and diagnose the problem.
  3. What specific tools or equipment would you use during the troubleshooting process?

Exercice Correction

**Possible Causes:** 1. **Worn or damaged bearings:** This would lead to uneven rotation and increased friction, affecting torque transmission. 2. **Problems with the gear system:** A broken gear or damaged shaft could cause erratic rotation and torque fluctuations. 3. **Hydraulic system issues (for hydraulic BRTs):** Leaking seals or malfunctioning hydraulic pumps could lead to inconsistent pressure and affect the rotation speed and torque. **Troubleshooting Steps:** 1. **Visual inspection:** Check for any visible signs of damage, wear, or leakage on the BRT. 2. **Test the lubrication system:** Verify that the lubrication is adequate and there are no signs of clogging or contamination. 3. **Check hydraulic pressure (for hydraulic BRTs):** Monitor the hydraulic pressure readings to identify any anomalies. 4. **Operate the BRT manually (if possible):** If the problem is with the hydraulic system, attempting manual operation may help isolate the issue. 5. **Inspect the gear system:** If the problem seems mechanical, carefully examine the gears and shafts for wear or damage. **Tools and Equipment:** 1. **Lubrication charts and specifications:** To verify correct lubrication types and procedures. 2. **Hydraulic pressure gauge:** To measure and monitor the hydraulic pressure. 3. **Inspection tools:** To examine components for damage or wear. 4. **Torque wrench:** To check the torque transmission from the BRT to the drill string.


Books

  • "Drilling Engineering" by John Lee - A comprehensive guide to drilling engineering, including chapters on drilling equipment and components like the BRT.
  • "Petroleum Engineering: Drilling and Well Completion" by John A. Lockwood - Covers various aspects of drilling, including sections on the BRT and its functions.
  • "Drilling Engineering Handbook" by Larry W. Lake - A reference book for drilling professionals, featuring details on drilling equipment and procedures, including the BRT.

Articles

  • "Bottom Rotary Table: The Unsung Hero of Drilling" by [Your Name] - You can write your own article based on the provided content, expanding on specific aspects and including technical details.
  • "Rotary Table and Bottom Rotary Table: A Technical Overview" by [Author Name] - Search for articles on drilling equipment and focus on those discussing both the rotary table and the BRT.
  • "Maintenance and Troubleshooting of BRTs" by [Author Name] - Look for articles addressing specific technical aspects of the BRT, like maintenance and troubleshooting.

Online Resources

  • SPE (Society of Petroleum Engineers) website: Search for papers, articles, and technical presentations on drilling equipment and the BRT.
  • Oil & Gas Journal: Explore articles and technical information related to drilling operations and equipment.
  • DrillingInfo: This platform offers various data and reports related to drilling operations, including technical details on BRTs and their types.

Search Tips

  • Specific keywords: Use combinations like "BRT drilling", "bottom rotary table function", "BRT types", "BRT maintenance", "BRT troubleshooting".
  • Search operators: Utilize "site:" to specify websites like SPE or Oil & Gas Journal for more targeted results.
  • Advanced search: Utilize Google's advanced search features to filter by date, language, and file type (PDF, etc.).

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