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Glossaire des Termes Techniques Utilisé dans Drilling & Well Completion: Break-out

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Break-out

Libérer le Joint : Dévisser les Composants dans le Secteur Pétrolier et Gazier

Dans l'industrie pétrolière et gazière, le terme "libérer le joint" fait référence au processus de dévissage d'un joint de tuyau ou d'un composant de l'assemblage de fond de trou (BHA). Cette opération cruciale est souvent nécessaire lors de diverses activités de forage et de complétion de puits, notamment :

1. Récupération d'Équipements :

  • Remontée du train de forage : Libérer les joints de tubage de forage permet de récupérer l'ensemble du train de forage après les opérations de forage.
  • Récupération du BHA : Déconnecter les composants du BHA, tels que les mèches, les stabilisateurs et les moteurs de fond de trou, nécessite de libérer les joints respectifs.

2. Remplacement d'Équipements :

  • Changement de mèches : Lorsque la mèche s'use, elle doit être remplacée. Libérer le collier de forage, qui relie la mèche au tubage de forage, permet ce remplacement.
  • Ajout ou Suppression d'Outils : Libérer les joints permet d'ajouter ou de retirer des outils comme les alésoirs, les grattoirs de tubage ou les canons perforants lors des opérations de complétion de puits.

3. Résolution de Problèmes :

  • Enquête sur un tubage bloqué : Si le train de forage se bloque, libérer le tubage de forage permet l'inspection et les actions correctives potentielles.
  • Intervention en cas de panne mécanique : En cas de dysfonctionnement d'un outil de fond de trou, il peut être nécessaire de libérer des joints pour récupérer l'équipement défectueux ou effectuer des réparations.

Libérer le Joint : Le Processus

Libérer un joint implique l'application de couple à la connexion, dévissant efficacement les composants filetés. Le processus utilise généralement des équipements spécialisés tels que :

  • Clés dynamométriques : Ces outils appliquent un couple précis au joint, garantissant un dévissage correct sans endommager l'équipement.
  • Têtes rotatives : Les tables rotatives ou les têtes rotatives sont utilisées pour faire tourner le tuyau tout en appliquant un couple, facilitant le processus de libération.
  • Puissance hydraulique : Dans certains cas, la puissance hydraulique est utilisée pour appliquer un couple et faciliter la libération de connexions particulièrement difficiles.

Considérations de sécurité :

  • Équipement approprié : Utiliser les outils corrects et garantir leur bon entretien est crucial pour la sécurité des opérations de libération.
  • Inspections approfondies : Avant de libérer un joint, une inspection approfondie est nécessaire pour identifier les dangers potentiels ou les dommages.
  • Personnel expérimenté : Du personnel qualifié et expérimenté doit effectuer les opérations de libération, en respectant les protocoles de sécurité.

La libération des joints est un aspect essentiel des opérations de forage et de complétion de puits. Comprendre ce processus, les équipements associés et l'importance des précautions de sécurité est essentiel pour des opérations réussies et efficaces dans l'industrie pétrolière et gazière.

Test Your Knowledge

Quiz: Breaking Out in Oil & Gas

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the primary purpose of "breaking out" in the oil and gas industry?

a) Connecting different sections of pipe. b) Unscrewing joints of pipe or BHA components. c) Testing the strength of pipe connections. d) Lubricating the drill string.

Answer

b) Unscrewing joints of pipe or BHA components.

2. Which of the following is NOT a reason for breaking out a joint?

a) Retrieving the drill bit. b) Adding a perforating gun during completion. c) Testing the well pressure. d) Investigating stuck pipe.

Answer

c) Testing the well pressure.

3. What type of equipment is commonly used to apply torque during breaking out?

a) Pressure gauges. b) Torque wrenches. c) Drilling mud pumps. d) Safety valves.

Answer

b) Torque wrenches.

4. Which of these safety precautions is NOT essential during breaking out operations?

a) Using the correct tools. b) Inspecting the joint before breaking out. c) Wearing protective gloves. d) Having experienced personnel perform the operation.

Answer

c) Wearing protective gloves.

5. Breaking out a joint is crucial for which activities in the oil and gas industry?

a) Drilling and production only. b) Exploration and production only. c) Drilling and well completion only. d) Exploration, drilling, and well completion.

Answer

d) Exploration, drilling, and well completion.

Exercise: Breaking Out Scenario

Scenario: During a drilling operation, the drill bit wears out and needs to be replaced.

Task: Describe the steps involved in breaking out the drill collar (which connects the drill bit to the drill pipe) to facilitate the drill bit change. Include the necessary equipment and safety considerations.

Exercice Correction

**Steps:**

  1. **Stop the drilling operation and circulate mud.** This ensures the hole is clean and pressure is stabilized.
  2. **Inspect the drill collar joint.** Check for any signs of damage or wear, ensuring the joint is safe to break out.
  3. **Position the torque wrench.** Attach the torque wrench to the drill collar. The torque wrench should be rated for the size and type of connection.
  4. **Apply torque gradually and slowly.** Rotate the drill collar with a rotating head or top drive, gradually applying torque. Avoid excessive force, which could damage the connection.
  5. **Unscrew the joint.** Continue applying torque until the joint unscrews, allowing the drill collar to be removed.
  6. **Inspect the joint and the drill collar.** Examine the threads for wear or damage. Ensure both components are clean and ready for the new drill bit.
  7. **Connect the new drill bit.** Install the new drill bit to the drill collar, ensuring it's properly aligned and tightened.
  8. **Re-run the drilling operation.** Resume drilling operations once the new bit is installed and the drill string is properly connected.

**Equipment:**

  • Torque wrench
  • Rotating head or top drive
  • Hydraulic power unit (optional)
  • Safety equipment (gloves, hard hat, safety glasses)

**Safety Considerations:**

  • Ensure experienced personnel are conducting the operation.
  • Use the correct torque wrench and follow the manufacturer's instructions.
  • Never apply excessive force, as this could damage the connection or injure personnel.
  • Always maintain a safe distance from moving equipment.
  • Implement safety procedures and equipment as per company and regulatory guidelines.

Books

  • Petroleum Engineering: Drilling and Well Completion by Schlumberger (covers drilling and completion operations, including joint connections and break-out)
  • Drilling Engineering by Robert F. Anderson (includes chapters on drilling equipment, drill string design, and wellbore operations, which involve break-out procedures)
  • Oil Well Drilling Technology by J. Edward Jennings (explains various aspects of drilling, including connections, tools, and troubleshooting, which often involve break-out)

Articles

  • "Breaking Out a Stuck Pipe" by SPE Journal (focuses on specific techniques and strategies for unscrewing stuck drill pipe, a common issue in the industry)
  • "The Importance of Proper Torque Management in Oil & Gas Drilling" by Rigzone (discusses the critical role of torque control in break-out operations to avoid damage and ensure safe unscrewing)
  • "Downhole Tools and Their Role in Well Completion" by Oil & Gas Journal (explains how various downhole tools, including those used for break-out, contribute to well completion)

Online Resources

  • Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary: https://www.slb.com/resources/oilfield-glossary (Provides definitions of common oilfield terms, including "break-out" and related concepts)
  • SPE (Society of Petroleum Engineers) Website: https://www.spe.org/ (Offers a vast collection of technical papers, presentations, and resources on drilling and well completion, including topics related to break-out)
  • Oil & Gas Journal: https://www.ogj.com/ (Provides news, articles, and technical information on the oil and gas industry, covering various aspects of drilling and well completion)

Search Tips

  • Use specific keywords: Combine terms like "break-out" with "drill pipe," "BHA," "well completion," "torque," "stuck pipe," or "unscrewing."
  • Utilize quotation marks: Enclose specific phrases like "breaking out joints" in quotation marks to ensure the search focuses on those exact words.
  • Add relevant industry terms: Include terms like "oil & gas," "drilling," "completion," or "downhole" to narrow down your search results.
  • Explore related terms: Look for synonyms and related concepts, such as "unscrewing," "disconnecting," "torque management," or "stuck pipe" to find more relevant content.
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