Forage et complétion de puits

swivel

Le Pivot: Un Composant Essentiel dans les Opérations de Forage

L'industrie du forage prospère grâce à la précision et à l'efficacité, et un élément crucial dans ce processus est le pivot. Cette pièce d'équipement modeste joue un rôle vital dans la connexion du top drive à la colonne de forage, permettant des opérations de forage fluides.

Qu'est-ce qu'un Pivot ?

Un pivot est un outil rotatif qui est suspendu au crochet rotatif et au bloc de levage. Sa fonction principale est de suspendre et de permettre la rotation libre du train de tiges de forage lorsqu'il est descendu ou remonté dans le puits. Cette capacité cruciale permet le forage sans torsion ni dommage du train de tiges.

Fonctions clés du Pivot:

  1. Connexion rotative: Le pivot abrite une tête rotative qui permet au train de tiges de forage de tourner librement. Cette tête est connectée au top drive, qui transmet la puissance au trépan.
  2. Débit de fluide: Le pivot sert également de passage pour le fluide de forage qui circule vers le bas dans le train de tiges et remonte à la surface. Le fluide lubrifie le trépan, évacue les cuttings et contribue à contrôler la pression du puits.
  3. Connexion du tuyau rotatif: Le pivot intègre un point de connexion pour le tuyau rotatif, qui transporte le fluide de forage des pompes à boue vers le train de tiges.

Composants d'un Pivot:

Un pivot typique se compose des composants clés suivants:

  • Tête rotative: Ce composant est relié au top drive et permet au train de tiges de forage de tourner.
  • Connexion du tuyau rotatif: Un pivot possède généralement une connexion hydraulique pour le tuyau rotatif, ce qui permet un mouvement flexible pendant le forage.
  • Passage de fluide: Le pivot contient un passage pour le fluide de forage qui circule vers le train de tiges.
  • Ensemble de roulements: Cet ensemble soutient la tête rotative et permet une rotation fluide du train de tiges.
  • Corps du pivot: Cette partie abrite tous les composants du pivot et fournit un point de connexion au crochet rotatif.

Importance du Pivot:

Le pivot est un composant essentiel des opérations de forage, garantissant:

  • Forage efficace: La capacité du pivot à permettre la rotation libre du train de tiges de forage permet un forage efficace.
  • Circulation du fluide: Le pivot facilite la circulation du fluide de forage, qui est essentielle au forage et à la stabilité du puits.
  • Sécurité: Le pivot aide à prévenir la torsion et les dommages au train de tiges de forage, favorisant des opérations de forage sûres.

Conclusion:

Le pivot est un élément souvent négligé mais crucial dans le processus complexe de forage et de complétion des puits. Sa capacité à connecter, à faire tourner et à fournir un passage au fluide permet des opérations de forage harmonieuses. Comprendre ses fonctions et ses composants est essentiel pour toute personne impliquée dans l'industrie du forage.

Test Your Knowledge

Swivel Quiz:

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the primary function of a swivel in drilling operations?

a) To connect the drill string to the mud pumps b) To provide a connection point for the top drive c) To suspend and allow free rotation of the drill string d) To control wellbore pressure

Answer

c) To suspend and allow free rotation of the drill string

2. Which of the following is NOT a key component of a swivel?

a) Rotating head b) Rotary hose connection c) Mud motor d) Bearing assembly

Answer

c) Mud motor

3. What is the role of the fluid passage in a swivel?

a) To prevent the drill string from twisting b) To allow drilling fluid to circulate through the drill string c) To connect the swivel to the rotary hook d) To provide lubrication for the rotating head

Answer

b) To allow drilling fluid to circulate through the drill string

4. How does the swivel contribute to efficient drilling operations?

a) By controlling the flow rate of drilling fluid b) By providing a strong connection between the drill string and the top drive c) By enabling the drill string to rotate freely without twisting d) By preventing the drill string from becoming entangled in the wellbore

Answer

c) By enabling the drill string to rotate freely without twisting

5. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using a swivel in drilling operations?

a) Improved wellbore stability b) Increased drilling speed c) Reduced risk of drill string damage d) Elimination of the need for drilling fluid

Answer

d) Elimination of the need for drilling fluid

Swivel Exercise:

Instructions: Imagine you are working on a drilling rig and need to connect the swivel to the top drive. Describe the steps you would take to ensure a safe and correct connection. Include the importance of checking for any potential issues before and during the connection process.

Exercice Correction

Here are the steps involved in safely connecting a swivel to a top drive:

  1. Safety First: Ensure the area around the swivel and top drive is clear of personnel and obstructions.
  2. Visual Inspection: Before connecting, inspect the swivel and top drive for any visible damage or wear. Check for leaks, loose connections, or any other potential problems.
  3. Rotary Hose Connection: Align the swivel's rotary hose connection with the rotary hose coming from the mud pumps. Ensure a secure and leak-free connection.
  4. Top Drive Connection: Carefully align the swivel's rotating head with the top drive's coupling. Check the alignment and ensure a smooth and secure connection.
  5. Torqueing: Tighten the connection bolts to the recommended torque specifications using a torque wrench. Avoid overtightening, as this can damage the components.
  6. Leak Check: After making the connections, conduct a thorough leak check for both the fluid passage and the rotary hose connection. Use appropriate leak detection equipment and correct any leaks immediately.
  7. Final Inspection: Once the connections are secure and leak-free, perform a final inspection to confirm everything is in good working order.

Important Considerations:

  • Wear and Tear: Always check the swivel and top drive for signs of wear and tear. Replace or repair damaged components before they pose a safety risk.
  • Leaks: Any leaks in the swivel or rotary hose connection can lead to loss of drilling fluid, environmental damage, and potential safety hazards. Address them immediately.
  • Lubrication: Make sure the swivel's bearings are properly lubricated for smooth operation and reduced wear.
  • Communication: Maintain clear communication with all personnel involved in the connection process to ensure everyone is aware of their responsibilities and potential hazards.

By following these steps and paying attention to these considerations, you can ensure a safe and reliable connection between the swivel and the top drive, contributing to a smooth and successful drilling operation.

Books

  • Drilling Engineering: A Comprehensive Textbook by M.E. Economides and K.G. Nolte - This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of drilling operations, including detailed information on swivels and their functions.
  • Petroleum Engineering Handbook by G.C. Howard and W.L. Viar - This comprehensive handbook covers a wide range of topics in petroleum engineering, including drilling equipment and techniques. It provides insights into the significance of swivels in drilling operations.
  • Drilling and Well Completion by J.E. Spath and B.P. Leatham - This book focuses on the practical aspects of drilling and well completion, including a dedicated section on drilling equipment like swivels.

Articles

  • "Swivel Design and Operation" by (Author Name) - Search for articles from industry journals like SPE (Society of Petroleum Engineers), IADC (International Association of Drilling Contractors), or other drilling-related publications. These articles often delve deeper into the technical aspects of swivel design and operation.
  • "Swivel Failure Analysis" by (Author Name) - Look for articles that analyze common swivel failures, their causes, and preventative measures. These articles provide valuable insights into the importance of maintaining and inspecting swivels.
  • "Advances in Swivel Technology" by (Author Name) - Explore articles about recent innovations in swivel design, materials, and functionality. This can offer a glimpse into the future of swivel technology in drilling operations.

Online Resources

  • SPE (Society of Petroleum Engineers) website: https://www.spe.org/ - This website offers a vast library of technical resources, including articles, presentations, and publications related to drilling and well completion.
  • IADC (International Association of Drilling Contractors) website: https://www.iadc.org/ - This website provides resources and information on drilling industry practices, including information on drilling equipment like swivels.
  • Drillinginfo: https://www.drillinginfo.com/ - This platform offers comprehensive data and analysis on the drilling industry, including technical specifications of various drilling equipment.
  • Manufacturer Websites: Explore websites of major oilfield equipment manufacturers like Cameron, Baker Hughes, and Schlumberger. These websites usually provide technical information on their swivel products.

Search Tips

  • Use specific keywords: Use combinations of terms like "swivel," "drilling," "oilfield," "equipment," "components," "functions," "design," and "operation."
  • Add location or industry: Include terms like "US," "UK," "onshore," or "offshore" to narrow down your search.
  • Explore academic databases: Use search engines like Google Scholar or JSTOR to find peer-reviewed research articles.
  • Check online forums: Search online forums related to drilling or oilfield operations for discussions and expert opinions on swivels.

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