Forage et complétion de puits

rathole

Comprendre le "Rathole" dans le Forage et l'Achèvement de Puits : Un Trou à Deux Visages

Le terme "rathole" dans l'industrie pétrolière et gazière fait référence à un type spécifique de trou utilisé lors des opérations de forage et d'achèvement de puits. Sa fonction varie en fonction du contexte, il est donc crucial de comprendre les deux significations principales :

1. Le Rathole en tant que Logement de Protection :

Ce "rathole" est un trou cylindrique profond, généralement de 9 à 12 mètres de profondeur, foré dans le plancher du derrick. Le trou est doublé d'un tubage, un tuyau en acier résistant, qui dépasse du plancher. Ce tubage sert de logement protecteur pour le kelly et le swivel, des composants essentiels utilisés lors des opérations de levage.

  • Kelly : Un lourd tuyau en acier qui relie le train de tiges rotatif à la table tournante.
  • Swivel : Une articulation rotative reliant le kelly au câble de forage, permettant au train de tiges de tourner librement tandis que le câble de forage reste immobile.

Fonctionnement :

Lorsque les opérations de levage sont en cours, le kelly et le swivel sont descendus dans le rathole. Cela les protège des dommages et garantit leur fonctionnement sûr et efficace. Le rathole offre également une base stable pour le kelly et le swivel, réduisant le risque de glissement ou d'instabilité pendant le processus de levage.

2. Le Rathole en tant que Dérivation :

Ce "rathole" est foré à l'intérieur du puits principal, mais son diamètre est plus petit. Il est généralement foré au fond du puits principal, parfois appelé "dérivation".

Objectif :

L'objectif de ce type de rathole peut varier, mais les applications courantes comprennent :

  • Dérivation : Cela implique de forer un nouveau trou plus petit pour contourner un obstacle dans le puits principal, tel qu'un trépan bloqué ou une formation effondrée.
  • Forage directionnel : Il peut être utilisé pour forer un puits dévié, permettant d'accéder à des réservoirs difficiles à atteindre depuis un trajet vertical droit.
  • Production secondaire : Un rathole peut être foré pour accéder à un réservoir ou à une formation secondaire située à côté du puits principal.

Conclusion :

Le terme "rathole" dans le forage et l'achèvement de puits désigne deux composants distincts mais importants. Alors qu'un type fournit un logement de protection pour l'équipement essentiel lors des opérations de levage, l'autre sert de dérivation pour accéder à différentes formations ou contourner des obstructions. Comprendre ces concepts est essentiel pour toute personne impliquée dans l'exploration et la production pétrolière et gazière.


Test Your Knowledge

Quiz: Understanding "Rathole" in Drilling & Well Completion

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the primary purpose of the "rathole" as a protective housing? a) To provide a stable base for the drilling rig. b) To allow for the safe and efficient operation of the kelly and swivel during hoisting. c) To store drilling mud and other drilling fluids. d) To monitor the pressure and temperature of the wellbore.

Answer

b) To allow for the safe and efficient operation of the kelly and swivel during hoisting.

2. Which of the following is NOT a typical application of the "rathole" as a sidetrack? a) Bypassing a stuck drill bit. b) Accessing a secondary reservoir. c) Preventing blowouts during drilling. d) Drilling a deviated wellbore.

Answer

c) Preventing blowouts during drilling.

3. How deep is a typical "rathole" used as a protective housing? a) 5 to 10 feet b) 15 to 20 feet c) 30 to 40 feet d) 50 to 60 feet

Answer

c) 30 to 40 feet

4. What is the relationship between the "rathole" as a sidetrack and the main wellbore? a) The "rathole" is drilled parallel to the main wellbore. b) The "rathole" is drilled perpendicular to the main wellbore. c) The "rathole" is drilled within the main wellbore but with a smaller diameter. d) The "rathole" is drilled above the main wellbore.

Answer

c) The "rathole" is drilled within the main wellbore but with a smaller diameter.

5. Which of the following is NOT a component of the drilling equipment housed in the "rathole"? a) Kelly b) Swivel c) Rotary table d) Drill string

Answer

c) Rotary table

Exercise: Applying "Rathole" Concepts

Scenario: An oil and gas exploration team is drilling a well in a challenging geological formation. They encounter a stuck drill bit at a depth of 5,000 feet. The team needs to retrieve the stuck bit and continue drilling.

Task: Explain how the concept of the "rathole" as a sidetrack can be utilized to solve this problem. Include the following in your explanation:

  • The specific type of "rathole" that would be used.
  • The steps involved in drilling the "rathole".
  • The benefits of using this method.

Exercice Correction

In this scenario, the team would use the "rathole" as a sidetrack to bypass the stuck drill bit. This involves drilling a new, smaller hole within the main wellbore, starting at a point above the stuck bit. Here's how it would work:

  • Type of "rathole": A sidetrack "rathole" with a smaller diameter than the main wellbore would be drilled.
  • Drilling steps:
    1. The drill string is pulled back to a point above the stuck bit.
    2. A smaller-diameter drill bit is attached to the drill string.
    3. The "rathole" is drilled at an angle from the main wellbore, bypassing the stuck bit.
    4. Once the "rathole" reaches a sufficient depth, the drill string is re-oriented to continue drilling in the desired direction.
  • Benefits:
    • Allows the team to bypass the stuck bit and continue drilling.
    • Minimizes the risk of further damage to the wellbore.
    • Saves time and resources compared to alternative methods.


Books

  • "Petroleum Engineering: Drilling and Well Completion" by M.P. Sharma: Covers drilling and well completion basics, including explanations of rathole concepts.
  • "Drilling Engineering" by John A. Short: A comprehensive guide to drilling practices, featuring sections on rathole applications.
  • "Well Completion Design and Operations" by Robert E. Rosato: This book provides detailed information on well completion techniques, including the use of rathole sidetracks.

Articles

  • "Rathole Drilling: A Cost-Effective Solution for Sidetracking Operations" by [Author Name]: This article discusses the benefits and technical details of rathole drilling for sidetracking. (Find articles on online platforms like OnePetro, SPE Journal, and other industry publications)
  • "The Importance of Rathole Design in Well Completion" by [Author Name]: An article focusing on the design considerations and impact of rathole construction on well performance.
  • "Sidetrack Techniques: An Overview" by [Author Name]: This article provides a general overview of sidetracking methods, including rathole drilling.

Online Resources

  • OnePetro: A comprehensive online platform for oil and gas professionals, featuring a vast collection of technical articles, papers, and resources, including information on rathole drilling.
  • SPE (Society of Petroleum Engineers): The SPE website offers a rich library of technical papers and presentations related to drilling and well completion, including those that discuss the use of rathole drilling.
  • Oil & Gas Journal: A reputable industry publication providing news, articles, and technical information on various aspects of oil and gas operations, including drilling and well completion.

Search Tips

  • "rathole drilling" + "sidetracking": This search will help you find information on using rathole drilling for sidetracking purposes.
  • "rathole design" + "well completion": This search will lead you to resources on the design and considerations of rathole construction in well completion operations.
  • "rathole casing" + "drilling rig": This search will help you find information on the use of rathole casing for protecting equipment during drilling operations.

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