En génie électrique, l’efficacité est un paramètre crucial qui quantifie l’efficacité avec laquelle un dispositif ou un système convertit l’énergie d’entrée en énergie de sortie utile. L’efficacité totale (ηt), souvent représentée par la lettre grecque η (êta) avec un indice t, fournit une mesure complète du processus global de conversion d’énergie, englobant à la fois les pertes électriques et non électriques.
Symbole commun : ηt
Définition : ηt est le rapport entre la puissance de sortie utile et la puissance d’entrée totale, exprimé en pourcentage.
Formule :
ηt = (Puissance de sortie / Puissance d’entrée) x 100 %
Comprendre les composants :
Facteurs influençant l’efficacité totale :
Importance de l’efficacité totale :
Exemples de ηt dans les applications pratiques :
Conclusion :
L’efficacité totale (ηt) fournit une compréhension cruciale du processus global de conversion d’énergie dans les systèmes électriques. En quantifiant précisément les pertes d’énergie, ηt sert d’outil vital pour l’évaluation des performances, la conservation de l’énergie et l’optimisation de la conception, contribuant finalement à une utilisation de l’énergie plus efficace et durable.
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.
1. Which of the following correctly defines the total efficiency (ηt) of an electrical system?
a) The ratio of output power to input power, expressed as a percentage. b) The ratio of input power to output power, expressed as a percentage. c) The amount of power lost due to resistance in the system. d) The maximum power that the system can deliver.
a) The ratio of output power to input power, expressed as a percentage.
2. Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing the total efficiency (ηt) of an electrical system?
a) Electrical losses due to resistance b) Mechanical losses due to friction c) Magnetic losses due to hysteresis and eddy currents d) The color of the wires used in the system
d) The color of the wires used in the system
3. A motor with an input power of 1000 watts and an output power of 900 watts has a total efficiency (ηt) of:
a) 90% b) 10% c) 111.11% d) 1000%
a) 90%
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the significance of total efficiency (ηt)?
a) Higher ηt indicates greater energy waste. b) ηt is not relevant for optimizing system design. c) Higher ηt leads to reduced energy consumption and cost savings. d) ηt only considers electrical losses, not mechanical or magnetic losses.
c) Higher ηt leads to reduced energy consumption and cost savings.
5. Which of the following examples demonstrates the practical application of total efficiency (ηt)?
a) Calculating the speed of a moving object. b) Measuring the voltage drop across a resistor. c) Determining the efficiency of a solar panel in converting sunlight to electricity. d) Calculating the current flowing through a circuit.
c) Determining the efficiency of a solar panel in converting sunlight to electricity.
Scenario:
An electric motor has an input power of 1500 watts. It is used to lift a load of 50 kg to a height of 10 meters in 5 seconds.
Task:
Formulae:
**1. Output Power:** * Force = Mass x Gravity = 50 kg x 9.8 m/s² = 490 N * Output Power = (Force x Distance) / Time = (490 N x 10 m) / 5 s = 980 Watts **2. Total Efficiency (ηt):** * ηt = (Output Power / Input Power) x 100% = (980 W / 1500 W) x 100% = 65.33%
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