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Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is the primary function of a band-reject filter? a) To amplify specific frequencies. b) To block all frequencies. c) To attenuate a specific range of frequencies. d) To create a constant gain across all frequencies.
c) To attenuate a specific range of frequencies.
2. Which of these is NOT a type of band-reject filter? a) Passive Band-Reject Filter b) Active Band-Reject Filter c) Digital Band-Reject Filter d) Band-Pass Filter
d) Band-Pass Filter
3. What is the 'center frequency' of a band-reject filter? a) The frequency with the highest gain. b) The frequency at which the filter attenuates the most. c) The frequency that the filter is designed to amplify. d) The frequency at which the filter begins to attenuate.
b) The frequency at which the filter attenuates the most.
4. Where are band-reject filters commonly used? a) In telecommunications to filter out unwanted signals. b) In audio systems to remove noise. c) In medical devices for specific frequency filtering. d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
5. What is the advantage of using a digital band-reject filter over a passive filter? a) Digital filters are cheaper to produce. b) Digital filters offer greater flexibility and precision. c) Digital filters are simpler to implement. d) Digital filters are more efficient at low frequencies.
b) Digital filters offer greater flexibility and precision.
Problem: You are designing an audio system for a concert venue. The microphones are picking up a distracting 60Hz hum from the venue's electrical system.
Task: Explain how you would use a band-reject filter to address this problem.
Hint: Consider the center frequency, bandwidth, and type of filter that would be most suitable for this situation.
To address the 60Hz hum, you would need to implement a band-reject filter specifically designed to attenuate frequencies around 60Hz. Here's how you would approach it: 1. **Center Frequency:** The center frequency of the filter would be set to 60Hz, the frequency of the unwanted hum. 2. **Bandwidth:** The bandwidth of the filter should be narrow enough to target only the 60Hz hum, but wide enough to encompass any potential variations or harmonics. A bandwidth of a few Hz around 60Hz should be sufficient. 3. **Filter Type:** Considering the need for precise control over the center frequency and bandwidth, an Active Band-Reject Filter using an operational amplifier would be the ideal choice. It offers greater flexibility in setting the filter characteristics compared to a passive filter. By incorporating this band-reject filter into the audio system's signal path, the distracting 60Hz hum would be effectively removed, resulting in cleaner and more enjoyable audio for the audience.
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