Architecture des ordinateurs

Atanasoff, John Vincent

John Vincent Atanasoff : Le héros méconnu de l'ère numérique

John Vincent Atanasoff, un nom moins familier que Babbage ou Turing, est une figure pivot dans l'histoire de l'informatique. Né en 1903, son parcours de la physique et des mathématiques à la révolution du calcul témoigne de sa poursuite incessante de l'innovation. Bien qu'il soit souvent éclipsé par les pionniers de l'après-guerre, les contributions d'Atanasoff sont indéniables, le plaçant comme l'inventeur du premier ordinateur numérique électronique.

La fascination d'Atanasoff pour le calcul découlait de ses études doctorales à l'Université du Wisconsin. Il luttait avec le processus laborieux de résolution d'équations complexes, reconnaissant le besoin d'une solution plus efficace. Cette quête l'a mené à l'Iowa State College où il a continué à explorer les possibilités du calcul électronique.

La légende raconte que la genèse de l'idée révolutionnaire d'Atanasoff est apparue lors d'une session de brainstorming nocturne dans un restaurant routier de l'Illinois. Ce moment eureka a donné naissance à l'ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer), une machine qui allait à jamais modifier le paysage du calcul.

En collaboration avec Clifford Berry, un génie de l'ingénierie électrique, Atanasoff a donné vie à sa vision. L'ABC, construit en 1939, employait l'arithmétique binaire, un concept révolutionnaire à l'époque, et utilisait des tubes à vide pour effectuer les calculs. Bien qu'incomplète, l'ABC a démontré la viabilité du calcul électronique, ouvrant la voie à l'avenir de l'informatique numérique.

Le travail d'Atanasoff a eu un impact profond sur la trajectoire du développement de l'ordinateur. Ses idées innovantes ont influencé des contemporains comme John Mauchly, qui est devenu plus tard un acteur clé dans la création de l'ENIAC. Ironiquement, cette même influence a mené à une bataille juridique dans les années 1970, reconnaissant finalement Atanasoff comme le véritable inventeur de l'ordinateur numérique électronique.

L'histoire de John Vincent Atanasoff rappelle que les grandes avancées émergent souvent de sources inattendues. Sa poursuite infatigable d'un calcul efficace et sa volonté de défier les idées reçues ont ouvert la voie à la révolution numérique que nous connaissons aujourd'hui. Si son nom n'est peut-être pas aussi connu que d'autres dans le domaine, son héritage de pionnier de l'ordinateur numérique électronique reste une partie intégrante de l'histoire du calcul.


Test Your Knowledge

Quiz: John Vincent Atanasoff

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What field was Atanasoff initially studying before his interest in computation blossomed? a) Computer Science b) Electrical Engineering c) Physics and Mathematics d) Chemistry

Answer

c) Physics and Mathematics

2. Where did Atanasoff develop the ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer)? a) University of Wisconsin b) Iowa State College c) Illinois Road House d) Bell Labs

Answer

b) Iowa State College

3. What revolutionary concept did the ABC utilize for calculations? a) Decimal arithmetic b) Binary arithmetic c) Hexadecimal arithmetic d) Roman numeral system

Answer

b) Binary arithmetic

4. Who was Atanasoff's collaborator in the creation of the ABC? a) John Mauchly b) Alan Turing c) Charles Babbage d) Clifford Berry

Answer

d) Clifford Berry

5. What significant event ultimately recognized Atanasoff as the rightful inventor of the electronic digital computer? a) A Nobel Prize award b) A public acknowledgment by the US government c) A legal battle in the 1970s d) A landmark scientific publication

Answer

c) A legal battle in the 1970s

Exercise: Atanasoff's Legacy

Task: Imagine you are a historian researching the history of computing. You are writing a short article about Atanasoff's impact on the development of the electronic digital computer.

Instructions:

  1. Research: Use the provided information to gather details about Atanasoff's life, his invention of the ABC, and its influence on subsequent developments.
  2. Write: Compose a 200-word article highlighting Atanasoff's contributions and his lasting impact on the digital age.
  3. Share: Share your article with your classmates or a teacher.

Exercice Correction

John Vincent Atanasoff, often overshadowed by later computing pioneers, deserves recognition as the unsung hero of the digital age. His pursuit of efficient computation, born from his doctoral studies in physics and mathematics, led him to develop the ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer). This groundbreaking machine, built in 1939, utilized revolutionary binary arithmetic and vacuum tubes for calculations, demonstrating the viability of electronic computing. Although the ABC remained incomplete, its influence on subsequent developments was profound. It inspired John Mauchly, a key figure in the development of the ENIAC, a crucial stepping stone in the evolution of computing. Atanasoff's legacy was cemented through a legal battle in the 1970s that officially recognized him as the inventor of the electronic digital computer. His story serves as a reminder that innovation can emerge from unexpected sources and that the path to progress is often paved by those who challenge conventional thinking.


Books

  • The Computer from Pascal to Von Neumann by Herman H. Goldstine (Princeton University Press, 1972): A comprehensive history of computing, this book offers a detailed account of Atanasoff's life and work, including the development of the ABC.
  • The First Digital Computer: The Atanasoff Story by Clark R. Mollenhoff (Iowa State University Press, 1988): This book, written by a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, offers a detailed biography of Atanasoff, focusing on the development of the ABC and the legal battles surrounding its invention.
  • The Innovators: A History of Modern Computing by Walter Isaacson (Simon & Schuster, 2014): A wideranging history of computing, this book provides a concise yet insightful chapter on Atanasoff and the ABC.
  • Giant Brains, or Machines That Think by Edmund C. Berkeley (John Wiley & Sons, 1949): An early work on computers, this book offers a fascinating perspective on the state of computing in the 1940s, including a section on Atanasoff's work.

Articles

  • "Atanasoff and the ABC: The Genesis of the Electronic Digital Computer" by Arthur W. Burks & Alice R. Burks (The Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1979): This article provides a detailed technical account of the development of the ABC, including its architecture and functionality.
  • "John Vincent Atanasoff: The Forgotten Father of the Computer" by David E. Shaw (Scientific American, Vol. 257, No. 2, 1987): A popular account of Atanasoff's life and work, this article emphasizes his pioneering role in the development of the digital computer.
  • "The Atanasoff-Berry Computer: An Early Electronic Digital Computer" by Allen G. Bromley (IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1996): A technical article that delves into the engineering aspects of the ABC, including its circuitry and design.

Online Resources


Search Tips

  • Use specific keywords such as "John Vincent Atanasoff," "ABC computer," "electronic digital computer," and "early computing."
  • Refine your search by adding modifiers like "inventor," "biography," and "history."
  • Use quotation marks around keywords to find exact phrases.
  • Limit your search to specific websites like "computerhistory.org" or "ieee.org."
  • Combine keywords with operators like "AND" and "OR" to create more specific searches.

Techniques

Comments


No Comments
POST COMMENT
captcha
Back