Astronomie stellaire

Tegmine

Tegmine : un nom oublié pour une étoile familière

Dans la vaste tapisserie du cosmos, les étoiles reçoivent des noms pour diverses raisons : leur luminosité, leur emplacement ou leur importance dans la mythologie. Mais certaines étoiles, comme l'étoile semblable au soleil Cancri, ont un nom plus obscur qui se cache dans les annales historiques de l'astronomie. Ce nom, Tegmine, est rarement utilisé aujourd'hui, mais il a un lien unique avec une étoile que nous connaissons bien.

Tegmine : un nom du passé

Le terme Tegmine était parfois utilisé dans le passé pour désigner l'étoile que nous appelons maintenant Cancri. Ce nom a probablement été inventé en raison de l'association historique de l'étoile avec la constellation du Cancer, le crabe. Le mot "tegmine" vient du latin "tegmen", qui se traduit par "couverture" ou "protection". Cela fait allusion à la carapace du crabe, qui sert de bouclier et de protection.

L'étoile que nous connaissons sous le nom de Cancri

Cancri, officiellement connue sous le nom de 55 Cancri, est une étoile semblable au soleil située dans la constellation du Cancer. C'est une étoile naine jaune légèrement plus petite et plus froide que notre propre soleil. Elle est connue pour abriter un système planétaire d'au moins cinq exoplanètes, ce qui en fait une cible fascinante pour les astronomes étudiant la formation et l'évolution des planètes.

Pourquoi Tegmine est tombé en désuétude

Bien que Tegmine ait eu une signification historique pour Cancri, il est finalement tombé en désuétude. L'étoile était plus communément appelée par sa désignation, 55 Cancri, un nom plus précis et universellement reconnu dans la communauté scientifique. De plus, la découverte d'exoplanètes autour de Cancri a encore renforcé sa désignation moderne.

L'héritage de Tegmine

Bien que rarement utilisé aujourd'hui, le nom Tegmine nous rappelle la riche histoire de l'astronomie et les différentes façons dont les étoiles ont été nommées et observées au fil des siècles. Il met également en évidence la façon dont notre compréhension du cosmos évolue constamment, avec de nouvelles découvertes et des progrès qui façonnent notre perception de l'univers.

Si le nom Tegmine a peut-être disparu de l'usage courant, son association historique avec l'étoile Cancri continue de nous rappeler que notre compréhension de la tapisserie céleste est un voyage dynamique et en constante évolution.


Test Your Knowledge

Quiz: Tegmine - A Forgotten Star Name

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the modern, widely recognized name for the star formerly known as Tegmine?

a) Sirius b) Alpha Centauri c) 55 Cancri d) Vega

Answer

c) 55 Cancri

2. What is the meaning of the word "tegmine" in Latin?

a) Light b) Distant c) Covering d) Bright

Answer

c) Covering

3. What type of star is Cancri (formerly Tegmine)?

a) Red giant b) White dwarf c) Yellow dwarf d) Neutron star

Answer

c) Yellow dwarf

4. What is a key reason for the decline in use of the name "Tegmine" for this star?

a) The discovery of its planetary system b) Its dimness compared to other stars c) Its location in an obscure constellation d) Its association with a negative mythological figure

Answer

a) The discovery of its planetary system

5. Why is the name "Tegmine" significant despite its rarity in modern astronomy?

a) It was the only name ever used for this star. b) It represents the changing nature of our understanding of the universe. c) It's the name of a famous astronomer who studied this star. d) It symbolizes the ancient fear of constellations like Cancer.

Answer

b) It represents the changing nature of our understanding of the universe.

Exercise: Exploring Star Names

Task: Research another historical name for a star or celestial object that is no longer commonly used.

  1. Choose a star or object: Select a star or celestial body from the list below or choose one of your own.

    • Polaris (North Star)
    • Sirius (Dog Star)
    • Orion Nebula
    • Andromeda Galaxy
    • Betelgeuse
  2. Find its historical name: Use online resources like historical astronomy texts, star catalogs, or mythology databases to uncover a historical name for your chosen star.

  3. Analyze the historical name:

    • What is the origin of the name?
    • What does it signify or relate to?
    • Why did the historical name fall into disuse?
    • What factors led to the adoption of the modern name?
  4. Share your findings: Write a brief paragraph summarizing your research on the historical name.

Exercice Correction

The exercise is open-ended and will vary depending on the chosen star. Here is an example of a possible response for the star Sirius:

Sirius, the brightest star in the night sky, was historically known as "Canicula," Latin for "little dog." This name originates from its association with the constellation Canis Major, the Great Dog. Canicula was connected to the summer heat in ancient Rome, with the period of its visibility known as "dog days" due to the oppressive heat. Over time, the name "Sirius" gained prominence, likely because it is more descriptive of its brightness and visual prominence. "Sirius" derives from the Greek word "Seirios," meaning "scorching" or "glowing," reflecting its intense brightness. The adoption of "Sirius" is likely due to its more specific connection to the star's visual characteristics and its more widespread use in scientific and cultural contexts.


Books

  • A History of Astronomy from Herschel to the Present by Agnes Mary Clerke (1902): This classic work covers the history of astronomy in the 19th century and may contain references to the use of "Tegmine" for Cancri.
  • Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning by Richard Hinckley Allen (1899): This comprehensive book delves into the historical and mythological origins of star names, and might include insights on the name "Tegmine."
  • The Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning (revised edition by Ian Ridpath): This revised version of Allen's book provides updated information and may include references to "Tegmine."

Articles

  • Historical star names: Search for articles about historical star names on online databases like JSTOR, Google Scholar, and NASA ADS. Keywords to use: "historical star names," "ancient astronomy," "star nomenclature," "Cancri."
  • Etymology of star names: Research articles that explore the origins of specific star names. Keywords: "etymology of star names," "Cancri etymology," "Latin root words."

Online Resources

  • Wikipedia: Search for "55 Cancri" and related terms on Wikipedia for information about the star's history, discoveries, and different designations.
  • International Astronomical Union (IAU): The IAU is the official body that standardizes star names. Their website might contain information on historical star names, including "Tegmine."
  • Online astronomy forums: Search for astronomy forums and online communities to discuss "Tegmine" and its historical connection to Cancri.

Search Tips

  • Use quotation marks: "Tegmine" "55 Cancri" will provide results where both words appear together.
  • Include relevant keywords: Combine "Tegmine" with "historical astronomy," "star name," "Cancri," "Latin," etc.
  • Search in specific websites: Use "site:website.com" to limit your search to a specific website like the IAU or NASA ADS.

Techniques

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