Astronomes

Humason, Milton La Salle

Milton La Salle Humason : Un Géant Autodidacte dans le Domaine des Galaxies

Milton La Salle Humason (1891-1972), né dans une petite ville du Minnesota, est devenu une figure de proue de l'astronomie, malgré l'absence de formation académique. Son histoire est un témoignage du pouvoir de l'auto-apprentissage et de la persévérance.

Le parcours de Humason a débuté à l'observatoire du Mont Wilson en 1920, où il a rejoint l'équipe en tant qu'assistant. Cela a marqué le début d'une remarquable collaboration avec Edwin Hubble, l'un des astronomes les plus influents du XXe siècle. Ensemble, ils ont plongé dans les mystères de l'univers, en se concentrant sur la nature, les spectres et les mouvements radiaux des galaxies.

L'expertise de Humason résidait dans l'obtention et l'analyse des spectres d'objets lointains. Il a photographié méticuleusement les spectres des supernovae dans des galaxies externes, apportant des données cruciales pour la compréhension de ces événements explosifs. Ses observations minutieuses et son œil aiguisé pour le détail ont été essentiels pour élargir nos connaissances sur l'immensité de l'univers et ses mécanismes complexes.

Un épisode fascinant de la carrière de Humason a impliqué une quête d'une planète trans-neptunienne. En 1919, il a été chargé par W. H. Pickering de mener une recherche photographique de ce monde hypothétique. Humason a pris de nombreuses plaques, mais sa recherche s'est avérée infructueuse. Cependant, des années plus tard, après la découverte de Pluton, un nouvel examen des plaques de Humason a révélé un fait surprenant : il avait capturé des images de Pluton à deux reprises, mais les deux fois les images étaient obscurcies - une fois par une étoile et une fois par un défaut de la plaque !

L'héritage de Humason va au-delà de ses contributions scientifiques. Sa détermination inébranlable à son métier, combinée à ses humbles débuts et à son parcours autodidacte, font de lui un exemple éclatant de la façon dont la passion et la persévérance peuvent surmonter tous les obstacles. Il a démontré que la quête du savoir est accessible à tous, quelles que soient leurs qualifications formelles.

Le travail de Milton Humason, en collaboration avec Hubble et d'autres, a révolutionné notre compréhension de l'univers. Les données méticuleusement collectées ont jeté les bases de notre compréhension actuelle de la vaste étendue du cosmos et de l'évolution dynamique des galaxies. L'histoire de Humason est un rappel inspirant que la quête du savoir peut conduire à des découvertes extraordinaires, même pour ceux qui commencent leurs voyages avec des ressources limitées.


Test Your Knowledge

Quiz: Milton La Salle Humason

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What was Milton La Salle Humason's primary role at Mount Wilson Observatory?

a) Astronomer b) Telescope operator c) Assistant d) Director

Answer

c) Assistant

2. With whom did Humason collaborate closely to study galaxies?

a) Albert Einstein b) Carl Sagan c) Edwin Hubble d) Stephen Hawking

Answer

c) Edwin Hubble

3. Humason's expertise lay in obtaining and analyzing which type of data?

a) Radio waves b) X-rays c) Infrared light d) Spectra

Answer

d) Spectra

4. What surprising discovery was made upon re-examining Humason's photographic plates from his search for a trans-Neptunian planet?

a) He had photographed a new galaxy. b) He had captured images of Pluto twice. c) He had discovered a new asteroid belt. d) He had found evidence of a black hole.

Answer

b) He had captured images of Pluto twice.

5. What is the most significant takeaway from Humason's life and career?

a) The importance of formal education in scientific fields. b) The power of perseverance and dedication to overcome challenges. c) The need for collaboration in scientific discovery. d) The value of using sophisticated equipment in astronomy.

Answer

b) The power of perseverance and dedication to overcome challenges.

Exercise:

Instructions: Imagine you are a young aspiring astronomer in the early 20th century. You are inspired by Humason's story and want to contribute to the field, despite lacking formal education.

Write a short paragraph explaining your approach to learning astronomy and how you would seek opportunities to contribute to scientific research, drawing inspiration from Humason's story.

Exercice Correction

Humason's story shows that passion and dedication can outweigh formal education. I would immerse myself in astronomy books, journals, and lectures. I would seek out experienced astronomers and offer my services as an assistant, even in menial tasks. By observing, learning, and proving my worth, I hope to contribute to research, just as Humason did. Like him, I believe that with enough dedication and perseverance, I can make my mark on the field of astronomy.


Books

  • "The Accidental Universe: The Story of How Our Universe Came to Be" by Alan Lightman (2014): This book explores the history of cosmology, including the contributions of Humason and Hubble.
  • "Edwin Hubble: Mariner of the Nebulae" by Gale E. Christianson (1995): This biography of Hubble delves into his life and work, including his collaboration with Humason.
  • "Cosmos" by Carl Sagan (1980): This classic book discusses the history of astronomy and the universe, mentioning Humason's contributions.
  • "The Great Cosmic Computer: The Story of the Universe and How We Came to Know It" by William J. Kaufmann III (2008): This book covers the history of astronomy and provides a detailed look at the development of our understanding of the universe.

Articles

  • "Milton L. Humason: A Self-Taught Astronomer" by William C. Keel (2008): This article provides a detailed overview of Humason's life and career. It's accessible through the University of Alabama website.
  • "Milton L. Humason, 1891-1972" by J. W. Evans (1974): This obituary was published in the "Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific."
  • "Humason, Milton La Salle" by W. Baade (1972): This biography appeared in the "Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences."

Online Resources

  • "Milton La Salle Humason" entry on the website of the National Academy of Sciences: This page provides a short biographical sketch and highlights his contributions to astronomy.
  • "Milton La Salle Humason" entry on the website of the Mount Wilson Observatory: This website contains detailed information about Humason's work at the observatory and his collaboration with Hubble.
  • "The Humason Archive" (University of California, San Diego): Although not publicly accessible, the UCSD archive contains a vast collection of Humason's research materials and photographs, providing a valuable resource for scholars.

Search Tips

  • Use specific keywords: Include "Milton La Salle Humason," "Mount Wilson Observatory," "Edwin Hubble," and "Astronomy."
  • Include relevant terms: Add "biography," "contributions," "research," or "legacy" to refine your search.
  • Specify dates: Include the years of his life (1891-1972) in your search to narrow the results.
  • Explore related topics: Search for terms like "redshift," "galaxies," "spectroscopy," or "supernovae" to find information relevant to his work.

Techniques

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Termes similaires
Astronomie stellaireCosmologieAstronomie galactiqueAstronomesAstronomie du système solaire

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