Reservoir Engineering

pulsed-neutron survey

Unveiling Reservoir Secrets: The Power of Pulsed-Neutron Surveys in Well Completion

In the pursuit of efficient oil and gas production, understanding the characteristics of the reservoir is paramount. One critical aspect is determining the presence and distribution of hydrocarbons within the formation, particularly after the well has been cased. This is where pulsed-neutron surveys come into play – a specialized cased-hole logging technique that provides valuable insights into the reservoir's composition and fluid properties.

Delving into the Pulsed-Neutron Principle

Pulsed-neutron surveys utilize a unique method to measure reservoir characteristics. A pulsed neutron source, housed in the logging tool, emits short bursts of neutrons into the formation. These neutrons interact with the surrounding rock and fluids, undergoing various reactions. The tool then measures the time it takes for the neutrons to return to a detector, along with the intensity of the returned signal.

Unlocking Reservoir Secrets:

By analyzing the captured data, pulsed-neutron surveys provide crucial information regarding:

  • Water Saturation (Sw): Neutrons interact differently with hydrogen atoms present in water and hydrocarbons. This allows for the determination of water saturation within the formation.
  • Residual Oil Saturation (Sor): Even after primary production, oil can remain trapped in the pores. Pulsed-neutron surveys can quantify this residual oil saturation, aiding in optimizing production strategies and evaluating enhanced oil recovery (EOR) potential.
  • Fluid Contacts: The different interaction patterns of neutrons with various fluids allow for the identification of fluid contacts, such as the oil-water contact (OWC) and gas-oil contact (GOC). This knowledge is vital for accurately mapping the reservoir and optimizing production decisions.

Advantages of Pulsed-Neutron Surveys:

  • Cased-Hole Application: The technique works effectively through casing, providing valuable data without the need for costly and time-consuming re-entry or well interventions.
  • Accurate Measurements: Pulsed-neutron surveys offer high-resolution data, allowing for detailed analysis and precise reservoir characterization.
  • Versatility: The method is applicable in a wide range of reservoir environments and can be used in conjunction with other cased-hole logging techniques for comprehensive evaluation.

Conclusion:

Pulsed-neutron surveys have become an indispensable tool in the field of well completion. Their ability to provide vital information about reservoir properties, including water and oil saturation, and fluid contacts, allows operators to make informed decisions regarding production optimization, enhanced oil recovery, and overall reservoir management. By leveraging the power of pulsed-neutron technology, the industry gains a deeper understanding of its reservoirs, driving efficiency and maximizing production potential.


Test Your Knowledge

Quiz: Unveiling Reservoir Secrets with Pulsed-Neutron Surveys

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What is the primary purpose of pulsed-neutron surveys in well completion?

a) To measure the depth of the well. b) To determine the presence and distribution of hydrocarbons. c) To assess the integrity of the casing. d) To identify potential drilling hazards.

Answer

b) To determine the presence and distribution of hydrocarbons.

2. How do pulsed-neutron surveys measure reservoir characteristics?

a) By emitting sound waves into the formation. b) By analyzing the electrical conductivity of the formation. c) By measuring the time it takes for neutrons to return to a detector. d) By detecting the presence of radioactive isotopes.

Answer

c) By measuring the time it takes for neutrons to return to a detector.

3. Which of the following reservoir properties can be determined using pulsed-neutron surveys?

a) Porosity b) Permeability c) Water Saturation d) All of the above

Answer

d) All of the above

4. What is a major advantage of pulsed-neutron surveys compared to other logging techniques?

a) They can be used in open-hole conditions. b) They are less expensive than other logging methods. c) They provide high-resolution data. d) They are less susceptible to environmental conditions.

Answer

c) They provide high-resolution data.

5. What is a primary application of pulsed-neutron surveys in reservoir management?

a) Evaluating the effectiveness of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. b) Determining the optimal drilling direction for new wells. c) Assessing the risk of reservoir depletion. d) Monitoring the progress of hydraulic fracturing operations.

Answer

a) Evaluating the effectiveness of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques.

Exercise: Analyzing Pulsed-Neutron Survey Data

Scenario: A pulsed-neutron survey was conducted in a cased well to evaluate the effectiveness of an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique. The survey data revealed a significant decrease in water saturation and an increase in residual oil saturation in a specific interval of the reservoir.

Task:

  1. Interpret the results of the pulsed-neutron survey in the context of the EOR technique.
  2. Explain how this information can be used to optimize production and future EOR strategies.

Exercice Correction

**Interpretation:** * The decrease in water saturation indicates that the EOR technique has successfully displaced water from the reservoir, improving oil production. * The increase in residual oil saturation suggests that the EOR technique is mobilizing oil that was previously trapped in the reservoir. **Optimization & Future Strategies:** * The data suggests that the EOR technique is effective, and further optimization can be considered to maximize oil recovery. * The specific interval with increased residual oil saturation may benefit from additional EOR applications or adjustments to the current technique. * The survey data provides valuable insights into the reservoir's response to the EOR technique, enabling operators to make informed decisions about future production and development strategies.


Books

  • Well Logging and Formation Evaluation: By Schlumberger, this comprehensive textbook covers various well logging techniques, including pulsed-neutron surveys.
  • Reservoir Engineering Handbook: Edited by John Lee, this handbook includes chapters on well logging and formation evaluation, providing insights into the application of pulsed-neutron surveys.
  • Petroleum Engineering Handbook: Edited by William D. McCain, this handbook contains a section on well logging and formation evaluation, discussing the use of pulsed-neutron surveys in reservoir characterization.

Articles

  • "Pulsed Neutron Logging: A Powerful Tool for Reservoir Characterization" by C.H. Smith, et al. (Journal of Petroleum Technology) - A detailed discussion of the principles and applications of pulsed-neutron logging.
  • "The Use of Pulsed Neutron Logging in Cased Hole Completions" by J.S. Carroll, et al. (SPE Journal) - An article focusing on the application of pulsed-neutron surveys in cased-hole environments.
  • "Advances in Pulsed Neutron Logging Technology" by R.J. Senger, et al. (SPWLA Annual Logging Symposium) - A review of the latest advancements in pulsed-neutron logging technology.

Online Resources

  • Schlumberger website: The website provides technical information on their pulsed-neutron logging tools and services.
  • Halliburton website: This website offers details on their pulsed-neutron logging tools and services, including case studies.
  • Baker Hughes website: This website provides information on their pulsed-neutron logging tools and services, along with technical documentation.
  • Society of Professional Well Log Analysts (SPWLA) website: The SPWLA website provides access to numerous articles and presentations related to pulsed-neutron logging and other well logging techniques.

Search Tips

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  • "Pulsed neutron logging case studies" - To see real-world examples of how the technique is applied.
  • "Pulsed neutron logging companies" - To find service providers for pulsed-neutron logging services.

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