"Pick Up" in Drilling & Well Completion: Understanding the Two Meanings
The term "pick up" is a common phrase used in the drilling and well completion industry. However, it can carry different meanings depending on the context. This article aims to clarify these two primary usages:
1. "Pick Up" in the context of drilling operations:
- Definition: To use the drawworks to lift the bit (or other tool) off bottom by raising the drill stem.
- Purpose: This maneuver is essential for various reasons, including:
- Changing the bit: When the drill bit becomes worn or damaged, it needs to be replaced.
- Running casing: To install casing, the drill string must be lifted to allow the casing to be lowered into the wellbore.
- Retrieving stuck tools: If tools get stuck in the wellbore, "picking up" the drill string can help free them.
- Procedure: The drawworks, a powerful winch system, is used to lift the drill string. The process usually involves:
- Breaking down the weight on the bit: The weight on the bit is reduced to minimize stress on the drill string during the lifting process.
- Slowly lifting the string: The drawworks raise the drill string at a controlled rate to ensure smooth lifting.
- Importance: This "pick up" maneuver is a fundamental operation in drilling, ensuring the safe and efficient removal of the drill string from the wellbore for various purposes.
2. "Pick Up" in the context of well completion and other operations:
- Definition: To use an air hoist to lift a tool, a joint of drill pipe, or other piece of equipment.
- Purpose: This "pick up" operation is often used during:
- Well completion: Lifting and positioning completion equipment, like tubing, packers, and other tools.
- Workover operations: Removing and replacing tools or equipment that need repair or maintenance.
- General equipment handling: Lifting and moving various components in the rig area.
- Procedure: An air hoist, a type of lifting device powered by compressed air, is used to lift the object safely and efficiently.
- Importance: This "pick up" method provides a safer and more controlled way to handle heavy equipment compared to manual lifting.
In conclusion:
While "pick up" might seem like a simple term, it holds distinct meanings in the context of drilling and well completion. Understanding these differences is crucial for effective communication and safe operation in the industry. When encountering this term, the specific context should always be considered to clarify the intended meaning.
Test Your Knowledge
Quiz: "Pick Up" in Drilling & Well Completion
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.
1. Which of the following is NOT a reason to "pick up" the drill string in drilling operations?
a. Changing the drill bit b. Running casing c. Performing a cement job d. Retrieving stuck tools
Answer
c. Performing a cement job
2. What equipment is primarily used for "picking up" the drill string in drilling operations?
a. Air hoist b. Derrick c. Drawworks d. Traveling block
Answer
c. Drawworks
3. In the context of well completion, "picking up" typically refers to using what type of equipment?
a. Drawworks b. Derrick c. Air hoist d. Traveling block
Answer
c. Air hoist
4. Which of the following operations is NOT typically performed using an air hoist for "picking up"?
a. Lifting and positioning completion equipment b. Running casing c. Removing and replacing tools during workover operations d. General equipment handling in the rig area
Answer
b. Running casing
5. The main advantage of using an air hoist for "picking up" compared to manual lifting is:
a. Increased lifting capacity b. Greater control and safety c. Reduced lifting time d. All of the above
Answer
d. All of the above
Exercise:
Scenario: A well completion crew is preparing to run a tubing string. They need to lift a joint of tubing from the ground using an air hoist.
Task:
- Identify the potential hazards associated with using an air hoist in this situation.
- Describe the safety precautions that should be taken before and during the "pick up" operation.
- Explain how to safely position the tubing joint before attaching the air hoist hook.
Exercice Correction
**1. Potential Hazards:** - Dropping the tubing joint due to equipment failure or improper handling. - Tubing hitting obstacles during lifting. - Personnel being struck by the tubing joint or the air hoist. - The air hoist losing air pressure during the operation. **2. Safety Precautions:** - Inspect the air hoist thoroughly for damage or defects. - Ensure the air supply is sufficient and operating correctly. - Use proper lifting slings that are rated for the weight of the tubing joint. - Clear the area around the lift point of any obstacles. - Establish a safe work zone and ensure personnel are aware of the lifting operation. - Use spotters to guide the tubing during lifting. **3. Safe Positioning of Tubing:** - The tubing joint should be positioned on a stable base, such as a wooden pad or skid. - The lifting slings should be placed under the tubing joint, ensuring a secure and balanced lift. - The air hoist hook should be attached to the slings in a way that prevents slipping or detachment. - The tubing should be positioned to avoid any interference with surrounding equipment or personnel.
Books
- Petroleum Engineering: Drilling and Well Completion by John C. Spath: Provides comprehensive coverage of drilling and well completion practices, including sections on drill string operations and equipment handling.
- Drilling Engineering: Principles and Practices by Robert F. Anderson and Wayne A. Geffen: Offers detailed information on drilling processes, including the use of drawworks and air hoists.
- Well Completion Engineering: A Practical Guide by James G. Speight: This book specifically focuses on well completion techniques, including the use of air hoists and other equipment handling practices.
Articles
- "Understanding the Basics of Drawworks Operations" by Derrick & Platform: Explains the function and operation of drawworks systems, crucial for "picking up" the drill string.
- "Air Hoists: A Safety and Efficiency Tool in Well Completion" by Oil & Gas Journal: Discusses the advantages of air hoists in well completion operations and how they contribute to safe lifting of equipment.
- "Stuck Pipe: Causes and Solutions" by The SPE Journal: A technical article that delves into the challenges of stuck tools in the wellbore and how "picking up" the drill string can be involved in recovery efforts.
Online Resources
- SPE (Society of Petroleum Engineers): Website provides access to technical papers, journals, and other resources related to drilling and well completion practices.
- IADC (International Association of Drilling Contractors): Offers information on industry standards, best practices, and safety regulations relevant to drilling operations, including "pick up" procedures.
- Oil & Gas Journal: An online resource for industry news and technical articles covering drilling and well completion topics.
Search Tips
- Use specific keywords: Combine "pick up" with "drilling," "well completion," "drawworks," and "air hoist" for targeted results.
- Utilize quotation marks: Enclose specific phrases, like "pick up the drill string," to find exact matches.
- Include search operators: Use "+" to include a specific term and "-" to exclude a term, e.g., "pick up +drilling -completion" to focus on drilling-related "pick ups."
- Explore industry websites: Search for specific drilling and well completion companies, associations, or manufacturers for more specialized information.
Techniques
Chapter 1: Techniques for "Pick Up" Operations in Drilling & Well Completion
This chapter delves into the specific techniques employed for "pick up" operations in both drilling and well completion. Understanding these techniques is crucial for executing safe and efficient operations.
1. "Pick Up" in Drilling Operations:
- Drawworks System: The core of "pick up" in drilling is the drawworks system. This powerful winch system is responsible for lifting the drill string.
- Weight Control: Before lifting, the weight on the bit is carefully reduced to minimize stress on the drill string. This can be achieved through techniques like:
- Backreaming: Rotating the drill string while simultaneously pulling upward to relieve the weight on the bit.
- Pulling out of hole: Gradually pulling the drill string up the wellbore.
- Controlled Lifting: The drawworks raises the drill string at a controlled rate, typically using a combination of:
- Speed Control: Adjusting the winch's speed to match the lifting requirements.
- Load Monitoring: Monitoring the load on the drill string to prevent overloading.
- Breakout: Once the bit is clear of the bottom, a "breakout" maneuver is often employed to confirm the bit is free. This involves rotating the drill string while applying a slight downward pressure.
2. "Pick Up" in Well Completion and Other Operations:
- Air Hoist: This lifting device is crucial for "pick up" operations in well completion, workovers, and general equipment handling.
- Hoist Capacity: The air hoist's lifting capacity is determined by its size and design. Choosing the correct hoist for the task is vital for safety and efficiency.
- Attaching the Load: The load is secured to the air hoist using appropriate rigging, like slings or shackles, ensuring a secure and balanced lift.
- Controlled Descent: When lowering a load, the air hoist's descent is carefully controlled, typically using a throttle valve.
Understanding the techniques employed in "pick up" operations is essential for drilling and well completion personnel. A thorough grasp of these methods leads to safer, more efficient, and less disruptive operations.
Chapter 2: Models and Equipment for "Pick Up" Operations
This chapter explores the models and equipment specifically designed for "pick up" operations in the drilling and well completion industry. Understanding these tools is crucial for choosing the right equipment for each operation.
1. Drawworks Systems:
- Types: Drawworks systems are available in various models, each with different capacities and features. Common types include:
- Mechanical Drawworks: These are powered by a mechanical transmission system.
- Electric Drawworks: These use electric motors for power, offering more precise control and efficiency.
- Hydraulic Drawworks: Utilizing hydraulic power for increased power and faster lifting speeds.
- Capacity: The capacity of the drawworks is crucial. It must be sufficient to lift the weight of the drill string, casing, and other equipment.
- Safety Features: Modern drawworks systems incorporate various safety features like:
- Emergency Stops: To quickly halt the lifting process in case of emergencies.
- Load Limiters: To prevent overloading and potential damage to the drawworks.
- Brake Systems: To safely hold the load during lifting and lowering.
2. Air Hoists:
- Types: Air hoists are classified based on their capacity and lifting speed:
- Single-Speed Hoists: These offer a fixed lifting speed.
- Variable-Speed Hoists: Allowing adjustment of lifting speed for more precise control.
- Capacity: Similar to drawworks, the air hoist's capacity must match the weight of the load being lifted.
- Safety Features: Air hoists are designed with safety features such as:
- Overload Protection: To prevent lifting beyond the hoist's capacity.
- Automatic Brakes: To hold the load securely in place during power interruptions.
- Safety Hooks: For secure attachment of the load.
Choosing the right model and equipment for "pick up" operations is essential for ensuring safety, efficiency, and smooth execution of operations.
Chapter 3: Software for "Pick Up" Operations
This chapter explores the use of software in "pick up" operations, focusing on how software enhances safety, efficiency, and decision-making in these critical procedures.
1. Lifting Simulation Software:
- Purpose: Lifting simulation software allows operators to model and analyze the lifting process before actual execution. This helps:
- Identify potential hazards: Identifying areas where overloading or equipment failure might occur.
- Optimize Lifting Parameters: Determining the best lifting speed, load distribution, and rigging configuration.
- Reduce Risk of Accidents: By proactively addressing potential safety concerns.
2. Real-Time Monitoring and Control Software:
- Purpose: Real-time monitoring and control software provides live data during "pick up" operations. This allows:
- Load Monitoring: Tracking the load on the drawworks or air hoist in real time.
- Speed Control: Precisely adjusting lifting speeds based on load conditions.
- Alert Systems: Generating alarms in case of overloads or equipment malfunctions.
3. Data Logging and Analysis Software:
- Purpose: Data logging software records key parameters during lifting operations, providing valuable information for:
- Performance Analysis: Analyzing lifting efficiency and identifying areas for improvement.
- Troubleshooting: Identifying and addressing equipment issues based on historical data.
- Compliance: Documenting lifting operations for regulatory purposes.
Software has become an integral part of "pick up" operations, enhancing safety, efficiency, and decision-making in this critical aspect of drilling and well completion.
Chapter 4: Best Practices for "Pick Up" Operations
This chapter outlines best practices for "pick up" operations to ensure safety, efficiency, and smooth execution of these crucial procedures.
1. Pre-Operation Planning and Inspection:
- Thorough Inspection: Before any "pick up" operation, equipment should be thoroughly inspected to ensure it is in safe working order. This includes:
- Drawworks and Air Hoists: Checking for wear, leaks, and proper functioning of brakes and other safety features.
- Rigging Equipment: Inspecting slings, shackles, and other rigging for damage and proper load capacity.
- Well Conditions: Evaluating the wellbore conditions to anticipate potential challenges during lifting.
- Rigging Plans: Develop a detailed rigging plan for each "pick up" operation, specifying:
- Lifting Points: Choosing secure and appropriate lifting points on the load.
- Rigging Configuration: Selecting the right type and quantity of rigging based on load weight and distribution.
- Safety Procedures: Outlining safety precautions for all personnel involved in the lifting process.
2. Proper Lifting Techniques:
- Controlled Lifting: All lifting operations should be executed under controlled conditions, avoiding sudden movements and jerks.
- Slow Starts and Stops: Gradually increase and decrease lifting speed to minimize stress on the equipment and load.
- Weight Distribution: Ensure the load is evenly distributed on the rigging to prevent uneven lifting and potential hazards.
- Communication: Clear and consistent communication is essential during lifting operations.
- Designated Signalers: Use a designated signaler to communicate instructions to the operator.
- Clear Signals: Ensure the use of standardized signals that are understood by all involved.
3. Emergency Procedures:
- Contingency Plans: Develop contingency plans for potential emergencies, such as:
- Load Loss: Procedure to handle a load dropping during lifting.
- Equipment Failure: Response in case of drawworks or air hoist malfunctions.
- Emergency Stops: Ensure all lifting equipment has emergency stop buttons and procedures are in place to activate them in case of an emergency.
- Safety Training: Regularly train all personnel involved in "pick up" operations on safety procedures and emergency response protocols.
Following these best practices ensures a safe and efficient "pick up" operation, minimizing risk and ensuring a successful outcome.
Chapter 5: Case Studies of "Pick Up" Operations
This chapter presents real-world case studies of "pick up" operations in drilling and well completion, showcasing the application of techniques, models, software, and best practices.
1. Changing a Drill Bit:
- Challenge: The drill bit became worn and needed replacement.
- Solution: The drawworks system was used to "pick up" the drill string, lifting the bit off bottom. The new bit was then connected to the drill string and lowered back into the wellbore.
- Key Considerations:
- Weight Control: Carefully reducing weight on the bit during the lifting process.
- Controlled Lifting: Gradually raising the drill string to prevent sudden stress on the equipment and wellbore.
- Safety Measures: Ensuring personnel and equipment safety during the bit change operation.
2. Installing a Completion Packer:
- Challenge: A completion packer needed to be installed in the wellbore.
- Solution: An air hoist was used to lift and lower the completion packer, carefully positioning it in the wellbore.
- Key Considerations:
- Hoist Capacity: Selecting an air hoist with sufficient capacity for the packer weight.
- Rigging: Using appropriate rigging to secure and lift the packer safely.
- Positioning: Precisely positioning the packer in the designated location in the wellbore.
3. Retrieving a Stuck Tool:
- Challenge: A tool became stuck in the wellbore, requiring retrieval.
- Solution: The drawworks system was used to apply controlled upward force to the drill string, attempting to free the stuck tool.
- Key Considerations:
- Weight Control: Carefully managing the weight on the stuck tool to avoid further damage.
- Breakout: Applying controlled rotation and downward pressure to break the tool free.
- Safety Procedures: Implementing safety measures to prevent equipment failure and potential injuries.
Analyzing case studies provides valuable insights into the complexities of "pick up" operations and demonstrates the importance of utilizing appropriate techniques, models, software, and best practices for successful and safe execution.
