tetrachloroethylene (PCE)

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE): A Persistent Threat in Environmental & Water Treatment

Tetrachloroethylene, also known as perchloroethylene (PCE, or PERC), is a colorless liquid with a sweet odor. While it has been widely used in industries like dry cleaning and metal degreasing, its persistence in the environment and potential health risks have raised serious concerns.

PCE in the Environment: A Persistent Issue

PCE is a volatile organic compound (VOC) and can easily evaporate into the air. It can also seep into the ground, contaminating soil and groundwater. Once in the environment, PCE breaks down slowly, persisting for long periods. This makes it a significant threat to both human health and ecosystems.

Health Risks Associated with PCE Exposure

Exposure to PCE can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Short-term exposure can cause dizziness, headaches, and nausea. Long-term exposure may lead to liver and kidney damage, as well as an increased risk of cancer.

PCE in Water Treatment: A Complex Challenge

The presence of PCE in groundwater poses a significant challenge for water treatment facilities. Traditional water treatment processes, such as filtration and chlorination, are often ineffective in removing PCE. Advanced treatment technologies, such as activated carbon adsorption, air stripping, and bioremediation, are often required to remove PCE from contaminated water.

PCE Remediation Strategies

Several approaches are employed to address PCE contamination:

• Source Control: Preventing further releases of PCE is crucial to stopping the spread of contamination. This involves replacing PCE with safer alternatives and implementing leak detection and prevention measures.
• In-situ Remediation: This involves treating contaminated soil and groundwater directly at the source. Techniques include bioremediation, where microorganisms break down PCE, and chemical oxidation, where chemicals are used to destroy PCE.
• Ex-situ Remediation: This involves removing contaminated soil or groundwater for treatment off-site. Methods include air stripping, where PCE is removed by volatilization, and activated carbon adsorption, where PCE is adsorbed onto activated carbon.

Conclusion

PCE presents a significant environmental and health challenge. Its persistence, potential health risks, and the complexity of removing it from water require a multi-faceted approach. By implementing source control measures, employing advanced remediation technologies, and promoting the development of safer alternatives, we can mitigate the risks associated with PCE and protect our environment and public health.