Astronomers

Goldschmidt, Hermann

Hermann Goldschmidt: The Attic Astronomer Who Discovered a Universe

Hermann Goldschmidt, a German astronomer who made his home in Paris, is a testament to the fact that sometimes, the most remarkable discoveries are made with the simplest of tools. Using only small telescopes poked through his attic window, Goldschmidt unearthed a hidden universe, discovering a staggering 14 asteroids between 1852 and 1861.

Born in 1802, Goldschmidt wasn't a trained astronomer. His background was in finance, and he led a comfortable life in Paris. However, his passion for the stars led him to build his own observatory in his attic, equipped with modest telescopes he crafted himself.

His dedication to the pursuit of knowledge paid off. In 1852, Goldschmidt discovered his first asteroid, (19) Fortuna. This was followed by a remarkable string of discoveries, including (24) Themis, (26) Proserpina, and (29) Amphitrite. His methodical approach to observing the night sky, coupled with keen eyesight, made him one of the most successful asteroid hunters of his time.

Goldschmidt's discoveries significantly contributed to our understanding of the asteroid belt, a region of rocky bodies orbiting the sun between Mars and Jupiter. His work not only revealed the vastness of this celestial neighborhood but also provided valuable data for future astronomical studies.

However, Goldschmidt's contributions go beyond just numbers. He was also a gifted observer and a skilled artist, meticulously sketching his celestial discoveries. These drawings, preserved to this day, offer a unique glimpse into the early days of asteroid discovery.

His life story, though modest in its beginnings, serves as an inspiring example of the power of individual pursuit and the impact one person can have on our understanding of the universe. Even with limited resources, Goldschmidt, the "attic astronomer," left an indelible mark on the field of astronomy, reminding us that the universe is open to exploration by all who dare to look up.


Test Your Knowledge

Quiz: Hermann Goldschmidt, the Attic Astronomer

Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.

1. What was Hermann Goldschmidt's profession before becoming an astronomer?

a) Teacher b) Artist c) Financier d) Engineer

Answer

c) Financier

2. Where did Goldschmidt set up his observatory?

a) A dedicated building in his garden b) A rented room in the city c) The attic of his home d) A local university

Answer

c) The attic of his home

3. What was the name of Goldschmidt's first discovered asteroid?

a) Themis b) Proserpina c) Amphitrite d) Fortuna

Answer

d) Fortuna

4. What celestial region did Goldschmidt's asteroid discoveries significantly contribute to our understanding of?

a) The Milky Way b) The Kuiper Belt c) The Asteroid Belt d) The Oort Cloud

Answer

c) The Asteroid Belt

5. Beyond his astronomical discoveries, what other artistic skill did Goldschmidt possess?

a) Photography b) Sculpting c) Music d) Sketching

Answer

d) Sketching

Exercise: Following in Goldschmidt's Footsteps

Instructions: Imagine you are a budding astronomer with limited resources like Goldschmidt.

Task: Create a simple "observatory" in your home using easily accessible materials. This could involve setting up a makeshift telescope using household items, or creating a star chart with a cardboard box and some glow-in-the-dark paint.

Bonus: Research and identify a constellation visible in the night sky. Create a drawing or model of this constellation.

Exercice Correction

There are various ways to approach this exercise. The important aspect is to demonstrate creativity and a spirit of exploration, just like Goldschmidt did. * **Possible Observatories:** * **Cardboard Telescope:** Cut out a long, narrow rectangle from a cardboard box. Cut a smaller circle in one end and use a magnifying glass as the lens. * **Star Chart:** Using a cardboard box, trace the outline of a major constellation like Orion, Ursa Major, or Cassiopeia. Paint the outline with glow-in-the-dark paint. * **Constellation Research:** * Research a constellation and its history. * Sketch or model it using materials like paper, cardboard, or even string.


Books

  • "The History of Astronomy" by Agnes Clerke: This comprehensive work offers a detailed account of the development of astronomy, including biographical information on prominent astronomers like Goldschmidt.
  • "A History of the Telescope" by Henry C. King: Provides context for the technology Goldschmidt used, as well as insights into the challenges of early astronomy.
  • "Asteroids: The Rocky Messengers" by William Sheehan: Offers a fascinating exploration of asteroids and their discovery, including the contributions of Goldschmidt.

Articles

  • "Hermann Goldschmidt, l'astronome amateur" by J.C. Houzeau: This French article, likely found in the Annales de l'Observatoire Royal de Bruxelles, provides in-depth information about Goldschmidt's life and work.
  • "The discovery of the asteroids: From Piazzi to Palomar" by Brian G. Marsden: This article, published in The Journal of the British Astronomical Association, details the history of asteroid discoveries and mentions Goldschmidt's significant contribution.
  • "Hermann Goldschmidt" in the Dictionary of Scientific Biography: This entry, though brief, provides a concise overview of Goldschmidt's career and contributions.

Online Resources

  • The Minor Planet Center database: This database, maintained by the International Astronomical Union, contains information on all known asteroids, including those discovered by Goldschmidt. https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/
  • The website of the Paris Observatory: The observatory may have archived materials or historical information related to Goldschmidt's work, as he lived and worked in Paris. https://www.obspm.fr/
  • The online archives of the Bibliothèque nationale de France: The library may contain manuscripts, letters, or other documents related to Goldschmidt. https://gallica.bnf.fr/

Search Tips

  • Use specific keywords: "Hermann Goldschmidt," "asteroid discovery," "attic astronomer," "Paris observatory," and "19th century astronomy."
  • Explore Google Scholar: This search engine specializes in academic publications and may lead to scholarly articles about Goldschmidt.
  • Utilize quotation marks: Enclosing search terms in quotation marks will limit the search to exact phrases, improving accuracy.
  • Combine keywords: Combine specific keywords with broader terms like "astronomy history" or "French astronomers" to uncover relevant information.

Techniques

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