Annie Jump Cannon, born in Delaware in 1863, was an American astronomer whose tireless efforts revolutionized our understanding of the universe. Her name, synonymous with the classification of stars, is a testament to her dedication and groundbreaking work at the Harvard College Observatory.
Cannon joined the observatory in 1896, where she immediately immersed herself in the daunting task of classifying stellar spectra. At the time, astronomers were struggling to make sense of the diverse light signatures emitted by stars. Prior to Cannon, the prevailing system of classification was complex and inconsistent, hindering progress in the field.
Cannon, however, possessed an extraordinary eye for detail and a remarkable memory. She meticulously examined thousands upon thousands of photographic plates, painstakingly analyzing the spectral lines of stars. Her innate ability to discern subtle differences in the light patterns allowed her to develop a more logical and systematic approach to classifying stars.
The result of her dedication was the Harvard Classification Scheme, which became the standard used by astronomers worldwide. This system, organized by spectral type, is still used today, with familiar designations like O, B, A, F, G, K, and M, representing the hottest to coolest stars.
Cannon's contribution extended beyond classification. She also made significant discoveries in the field of variable stars, identifying over 300 and uncovering five novae - stars that suddenly increase in brightness. Her dedication to her work led to her appointment as the William Cranch Bond Astronomer in 1938, a position she held until her death in 1941.
Annie Jump Cannon's legacy is not just about her scientific contributions; it's about her relentless pursuit of knowledge, her tireless work ethic, and her dedication to building a more organized and comprehensive understanding of the universe. She rightfully earned the nickname "The Cannon" for her unparalleled ability to classify stars, paving the way for future generations of astronomers to explore the vast expanse of the cosmos.
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What was Annie Jump Cannon's main contribution to astronomy?
(a) Discovering new planets. (b) Developing a system for classifying stars. (c) Creating the first telescope. (d) Mapping the Milky Way galaxy.
(b) Developing a system for classifying stars.
2. What was the name of the classification system developed by Annie Jump Cannon?
(a) The Cannon System (b) The Harvard Classification Scheme (c) The Stellar Spectrum System (d) The Spectral Line System
(b) The Harvard Classification Scheme
3. Which of the following is NOT a spectral type in the Harvard Classification Scheme?
(a) O (b) P (c) G (d) M
(b) P
4. How many novae did Annie Jump Cannon discover?
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 50
(b) 5
5. What was Annie Jump Cannon's nickname?
(a) The Stargazer (b) The Classifier (c) The Cannon (d) The Spectrum Queen
(c) The Cannon
Instructions: Use the Harvard Classification Scheme (O, B, A, F, G, K, M) to classify the following stars based on their temperature:
Hint: Remember that the spectral types go from hottest to coolest: O, B, A, F, G, K, M.
Here's the classification:
1. **Star A:** O (Hottest)
2. **Star B:** G (Mid-range)
3. **Star C:** M (Coolest)
None
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