في صناعة النفط والغاز، فإن فهم بلل الخزان أمر بالغ الأهمية للإنتاج والكفاءة والاسترداد الفعال. يشير البلل إلى ميل السائل إلى الانتشار أو الالتصاق بسطح صلب. بعبارات أبسط، فإنه يحدد السائل (النفط أو الماء أو الغاز) الذي يفضل "الالتصاق" بسطح الصخر في الخزان.
لماذا البلل مهم؟
قياس البلل
بينما قد يكون تحديد بلل تشكيل الخزان الدقيق معقدًا، يتم استخدام تقنيات مختلفة لتقييم مرحلة الترطيب السائدة:
العوامل المؤثرة على البلل
يمكن أن تؤثر العديد من العوامل على بلل تشكيل الخزان:
التحديات في تحديد البلل
الاستنتاج
البلل هو معلمة أساسية في تحديد خصائص إنتاج خزان النفط والغاز. يسمح فهم مرحلة الترطيب السائدة بنمذجة الخزان بشكل أفضل، واستراتيجيات تعزيز استرداد النفط، وتحسين توقعات الإنتاج. يتطلب مزيد من البحث والتقدم في تقنيات القياس فهمًا أفضل للبلل وتحسين إدارة الخزان من أجل إنتاج النفط والغاز بكفاءة واستدامة.
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What does wettability refer to in the context of oil and gas reservoirs?
a) The ability of a fluid to flow through porous rock. b) The tendency of a fluid to spread or adhere to a solid surface. c) The amount of oil or gas present in a reservoir. d) The pressure at which fluids are released from a reservoir.
b) The tendency of a fluid to spread or adhere to a solid surface.
2. Why is wettability important for reservoir performance?
a) It determines the size of the reservoir. b) It influences the flow of fluids in the reservoir. c) It indicates the age of the reservoir. d) It measures the pressure of the reservoir.
b) It influences the flow of fluids in the reservoir.
3. Which of the following techniques is used to measure wettability?
a) Seismic imaging b) Gravimetric analysis c) Contact angle measurement d) Core drilling
c) Contact angle measurement
4. Which of the following factors can influence the wettability of a reservoir?
a) The temperature of the surrounding air b) The type of rock in the reservoir c) The size of the reservoir d) The presence of nearby trees
b) The type of rock in the reservoir
5. What is a challenge in determining the wettability of a reservoir?
a) The presence of oil and gas b) The availability of sophisticated equipment c) The heterogeneity of the reservoir d) The depth of the reservoir
c) The heterogeneity of the reservoir
Scenario:
You are an engineer working on an oil & gas project. You are tasked with evaluating the wettability of a new reservoir before starting production. You have collected core samples from different locations in the reservoir and are analyzing them in the lab.
Task:
**1. Techniques:** * **Contact Angle Measurement:** Observe the contact angle between a fluid droplet (water or oil) and the rock surface. A higher contact angle indicates a preference for the other fluid (e.g., high contact angle with water indicates oil-wet). * **Amott-Harvey Test:** Measure the relative wettability by comparing the amount of oil and water displaced by a specific fluid (usually brine). This test provides a quantitative measure of the dominant wetting phase. * **Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM):** Visualize the rock surface at high magnification. This can reveal the distribution of oil and water within the pores, indicating the dominant wetting phase. **2. Interpretation:** * **Contact Angle Measurement:** A high contact angle with water indicates oil-wet conditions, while a high contact angle with oil indicates water-wet conditions. * **Amott-Harvey Test:** A high Amott-Harvey index indicates water-wet conditions, while a low index indicates oil-wet conditions. * **SEM:** The presence of more water-filled pores suggests water-wet conditions, while more oil-filled pores suggests oil-wet conditions. **3. Challenges:** * **Heterogeneity:** The collected core samples may represent only a small portion of the reservoir, potentially leading to inaccurate conclusions about the overall wettability. * **Dynamic Nature:** The wettability of the reservoir can change over time due to fluid flow, temperature variations, and other factors. Therefore, the initial analysis may not accurately reflect the long-term wettability characteristics.
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