RAPPS (subsea)

b) To prevent catastrophic pressure surges within the riser annulus.

c) Flow control valves. While flow control valves are important in subsea operations, they are not a core component of a RAPPS specifically designed for annulus pressure protection.

c) Pressure relief valves on the riser pipe. While pressure relief valves are important safety devices, they are not directly associated with protecting the annulus space. RAPPS focuses on the pressure between the riser and casing.

b) Reduced environmental impact. RAPPS prevent uncontrolled fluid releases, minimizing the risk of pollution and environmental damage.

a) Remote monitoring and control of pressure and valve operations. This advancement allows for real-time monitoring and control, improving the effectiveness and responsiveness of the system.

1. Steps to Address the Situation:

• Increase monitoring frequency: Closely monitor the annulus pressure and log the readings at shorter intervals to track the rate of increase.
• Review historical data: Compare current readings with historical data to identify any trends or patterns. This might help pinpoint the cause of the pressure rise.
• Check relevant equipment: Inspect the annulus pressure monitoring system, relief valves, choke valves, and any related equipment for potential malfunctions.
• Notify relevant personnel: Inform the operations team, engineering department, and any other relevant parties about the rising pressure and your observations.
• Prepare for potential action: If the pressure continues to rise and reaches the warning thresholds, be prepared to activate the RAPPS components to control the pressure.

2. Potential Causes for Increased Annulus Pressure:

• Gas influx: A sudden influx of gas into the wellbore from a formation can create pressure buildup in the annulus.
• Fluid flow changes: Changes in production rates or injection volumes can impact pressure distribution within the riser and annulus.
• Equipment malfunction: A faulty valve, pump, or other equipment could lead to abnormal pressure buildup.
• Temperature fluctuations: Changes in temperature within the riser or wellbore can impact fluid density and potentially influence pressure.

3. Potential Consequences if Pressure Rises Unchecked:

• Riser failure: If the annulus pressure exceeds the riser's design limits, it could lead to catastrophic failure, causing significant damage and potential environmental harm.
• Production interruption: Uncontrolled pressure buildup could force a production shutdown to prevent further damage or safety hazards.
• Personnel injury: A riser failure could pose significant risks to personnel working on the platform or in the vicinity.
• Environmental pollution: Uncontrolled release of fluids and gases into the environment could cause ecological damage.