PISTL

This is the most likely interpretation based on the provided information.

While a pressure gauge might be used to monitor the pump, it's not a core component of the PISTL system.

Food production processes often involve mixing and temperature control, making it a potential application for PISTL.

Spinners are designed to generate centrifugal force for various processes, including mixing and separation.

Temperature logs are essential for monitoring and controlling temperature-sensitive processes.

Here's a possible solution to the exercise:

Components:

• Pump: A peristaltic pump to deliver the solvent to the spinner at a controlled flow rate. Peristaltic pumps are gentle and suitable for handling delicate substances like algae.
• Spinner: A centrifuge with a sealed chamber for mixing the algae and solvent. The centrifuge should have adjustable speed control for optimal mixing.
• Temperature Sensor: A thermocouple placed inside the spinner chamber to continuously monitor the temperature of the mixture.
• Data Logger: A digital data logger to record the temperature readings from the sensor over time.
• Control System: A basic programmable logic controller (PLC) to regulate the pump flow rate and spinner speed, and to adjust the temperature using a heater or cooler based on the data logger's readings.

Working Principle:

1. The pump delivers the solvent to the spinner chamber containing the algae.
2. The centrifuge spins, mixing the algae and solvent at a controlled speed.
3. The temperature sensor continuously measures the temperature of the mixture.
4. The data logger records the temperature readings, allowing for monitoring and analysis.
5. The PLC utilizes the data logger readings to adjust the pump flow rate, spinner speed, and heater/cooler output to maintain the optimal temperature for biofuel extraction.

Safety Concerns:

• Solvent Leakage: The spinner chamber should be tightly sealed to prevent solvent leakage. The pump should also have a leak detection system.
• Centrifuge Safety: The centrifuge should be equipped with a safety interlock to prevent operation without a properly secured lid.
• Temperature Control: The control system should have failsafe mechanisms to prevent overheating or excessive cooling of the mixture.
• Electrical Safety: All electrical components should be properly grounded and protected by circuit breakers.

Addressing Safety Concerns:

• Use high-quality seals and materials for the spinner chamber.
• Implement a leak detection system with an alarm for both the pump and the spinner.
• Ensure that the centrifuge has a robust safety interlock system.
• Design the control system with redundancy and failsafe mechanisms to prevent uncontrolled temperature fluctuations.
• Utilize electrical components with appropriate safety ratings and implement proper grounding techniques.

This solution highlights a possible approach to designing a PISTL system for biofuel production, incorporating safety considerations and addressing potential hazards. The specific details of the system would need to be tailored based on the specific requirements of the process and the available resources.