الميثان (CH₄) هو مركب كيميائي يلعب دورًا حاسمًا في مشهد الطاقة العالمي والبيئة العالمية. إنه أبسط الألكانات، وهو نوع من الهيدروكربونات التي تحتوي على روابط أحادية بين ذرات الكربون. دعونا نتعمق في التفاصيل التقنية ونستكشف أهمية الميثان:
البنية والخصائص:
التطبيقات الرئيسية:
الآثار البيئية:
الاعتبارات الفنية:
الاستنتاج:
الميثان هو مصدر طاقة حيوي له فوائد وعيوب. تجعله كثافته العالية للطاقة وخصائص الاحتراق النظيفة وقودًا قيمًا، لكن تأثيره القوي كغاز دفيئة يتطلب الاهتمام. إن الجهود المستمرة لخفض الانبعاثات وتطوير البدائل المستدامة ضرورية للتخفيف من تغير المناخ وضمان مستقبل طاقة أنظف.
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is the chemical formula for methane?
a) CO₂
Incorrect. CO₂ is the formula for carbon dioxide.
b) CH₄
Correct! CH₄ represents one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms.
c) H₂O
Incorrect. H₂O is the formula for water.
d) N₂
Incorrect. N₂ is the formula for nitrogen gas.
2. Which of the following is NOT a key application of methane?
a) Natural gas
Incorrect. Methane is the primary component of natural gas.
b) Chemical feedstock
Incorrect. Methane is used as a raw material for various chemicals.
c) Fertilizer production
Correct! While methane is used in some industrial processes, it's not directly used for fertilizer production.
d) Fuel for vehicles
Incorrect. Methane can be used as fuel for vehicles in CNG and LNG forms.
3. What is the primary environmental concern associated with methane?
a) Ozone depletion
Incorrect. Ozone depletion is primarily caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
b) Greenhouse gas effect
Correct! Methane is a potent greenhouse gas contributing to global warming.
c) Acid rain
Incorrect. Acid rain is mainly caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
d) Water pollution
Incorrect. While methane can contribute to water pollution in some cases, it's not the primary concern.
4. What is the approximate warming potential of methane compared to carbon dioxide over a 20-year period?
a) 2 times higher
Incorrect. The warming potential is significantly higher.
b) 10 times higher
Incorrect. The warming potential is even higher.
c) 80 times higher
Correct! Methane's warming potential is over 80 times higher than carbon dioxide over 20 years.
d) 100 times higher
Incorrect. While high, the warming potential is not 100 times higher.
5. What is the primary product of methane combustion in the presence of oxygen?
a) Carbon monoxide
Incorrect. While carbon monoxide can be a by-product of incomplete combustion, the primary product is different.
b) Carbon dioxide
Correct! Methane burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor.
c) Sulfur dioxide
Incorrect. Sulfur dioxide is not produced in the combustion of methane.
d) Nitrogen oxides
Incorrect. Nitrogen oxides are primarily produced during high-temperature combustion processes.
Task: You are designing a new energy system for a small village. The village wants to transition from using firewood for cooking and heating to a cleaner and more efficient fuel source. They have access to natural gas pipelines.
Design a system that utilizes methane from natural gas for the following purposes:
Considerations:
Here's a possible solution for the exercise:
Cooking:
Heating:
Electricity generation:
Safety:
Efficiency:
Cost:
Comments