في عالم إنتاج النفط والغاز، يعد حقن السوائل مثل الماء أو الغاز في الخزان جانبًا أساسيًا للحفاظ على الضغط وتحسين الاستخلاص. **الإقحام**، وهو مقياس لسهولة تدفق السوائل إلى الخزان، هو معلمة حيوية لتحسين عمليات الإقحام هذه. **مؤشر الإقحام (II)**، وهو مؤشر رئيسي لِإقحام الخزان، يلعب دورًا حاسمًا في فهم أداء آبار الإقحام.
**ما هو مؤشر الإقحام؟**
مؤشر الإقحام هو في الأساس **منحدر علاقة أداء التدفق الداخلي (IPR) للإقحام** ويعكس المعدل الذي يتغير به معدل الإقحام بالنسبة لضغط الإقحام. عادةً ما يُعبّر عنه بوحدات **برميل/رطل/بوصة مربعة (براميل لكل رطل لكل بوصة مربعة) أو متر مكعب/بار (أمتار مكعبة لكل بار).**
**كلما زاد مؤشر الإقحام، كلما كان من الأسهل حقن السوائل في الخزان عند فرق ضغط معين.**
**إليك شرح بسيط:**
**العوامل المؤثرة على مؤشر الإقحام:**
هناك العديد من العوامل التي يمكن أن تؤثر على مؤشر الإقحام، بما في ذلك:
**لماذا يعتبر مؤشر الإقحام مهمًا؟**
فهم مؤشر الإقحام ضروري لعدة أسباب:
**الاستنتاج:**
يعد مؤشر الإقحام معلمة أساسية لفهم وتحسين عمليات الإقحام في صناعة النفط والغاز. من خلال تحليل مؤشر الإقحام والعوامل التي تؤثر عليه، يمكن للمهندسين اتخاذ قرارات مستنيرة بشأن استراتيجيات الإقحام، ومراقبة أداء الخزان، وضمان إنتاج فعال وكفء.
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What does the Injectivity Index (II) represent?
a) The volume of fluid injected into the reservoir. b) The pressure difference between the injection well and the reservoir. c) The rate at which the injection rate changes with respect to injection pressure. d) The total amount of fluid injected over time.
The correct answer is **c) The rate at which the injection rate changes with respect to injection pressure.**
2. Which of the following units is typically used to express the Injectivity Index?
a) Liters/second b) Barrels/day c) bbl/psi d) Degrees Celsius
The correct answer is **c) bbl/psi**
3. What happens to the Injectivity Index if the permeability of the reservoir decreases?
a) It increases. b) It decreases. c) It remains constant. d) It becomes negative.
The correct answer is **b) It decreases.** A lower permeability makes it harder for fluids to flow, reducing injectivity.
4. Why is monitoring changes in the Injectivity Index over time important?
a) To determine the volume of the reservoir. b) To track the movement of injected fluids in the reservoir. c) To detect changes in reservoir properties, such as damage or pressure increases. d) To calculate the total production from the reservoir.
The correct answer is **c) To detect changes in reservoir properties, such as damage or pressure increases.** Changes in injectivity index indicate changes in how easily fluids can flow into the reservoir, hinting at potential problems or improvements.
5. Which of the following factors does NOT directly influence the Injectivity Index?
a) Wellbore radius b) Reservoir porosity c) Ambient air temperature d) Injection fluid viscosity
The correct answer is **c) Ambient air temperature.** Air temperature doesn't directly affect the flow of fluids within the reservoir.
Scenario: An injection well has been experiencing a decline in its Injectivity Index over the past few months. The well is injecting water into a sandstone reservoir. The injection rate has decreased significantly, requiring higher injection pressures to maintain the desired flow rate.
Task:
Here are some possible reasons for the decline in Injectivity Index and potential solutions:
1. Formation Damage: * Reason: The injection water may be carrying particles that are clogging the pores in the sandstone reservoir, reducing permeability. * Solution: Consider using a pre-treatment for the injection water to remove suspended particles and prevent further damage.
2. Wellbore Skin: * Reason: The wellbore may have developed a "skin" of damaged rock near the well, hindering fluid flow. This could be caused by factors like drilling mud invasion or sand production. * Solution: Consider a well stimulation treatment such as acidizing or fracturing to remove the skin and improve permeability near the wellbore.
3. Changes in Reservoir Pressure: * Reason: The injection pressure may have decreased due to water flooding or other reservoir changes, leading to a lower pressure gradient and reduced injectivity. * Solution: Evaluate the reservoir pressure and consider adjusting the injection pressure or the injection rate to optimize performance.
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