EOR

The correct answer is b) To increase the rate of oil extraction from existing reservoirs. EOR methods are specifically designed to extract more oil from mature fields where conventional methods have reached their limits.

The correct answer is c) Mechanical methods. While mechanical methods are used in oil production, they are not typically categorized as EOR techniques.

The correct answer is b) Increased oil production from existing fields. EOR techniques allow for the extraction of more oil from existing fields, extending their lifespan and increasing production.

The correct answer is d) All of the above. EOR projects are complex and require substantial investments in equipment, specialized expertise, and careful environmental planning to mitigate potential impacts.

The correct answer is c) EOR will play an increasingly important role in meeting global energy demands. As the world seeks to maximize energy production from existing resources, EOR will be crucial in meeting global energy needs.

Here's a possible solution to the exercise:

Factors to Consider when Selecting EOR Methods

• Reservoir Characteristics: Analyze reservoir properties like rock type, permeability, oil viscosity, temperature, and pressure. Different EOR methods are more effective in specific reservoir types.
• Oil Properties: The oil's viscosity, composition, and presence of contaminants will influence the effectiveness of different EOR techniques.
• Economic Viability: Evaluate the cost of implementing each EOR method, including initial investment, operational expenses, and potential returns on investment.
• Environmental Impact: Assess the potential environmental consequences of each method, considering factors like greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, and potential contamination risks.
• Availability of Resources: Determine if the required resources, such as specialized equipment, chemicals, and expertise, are readily available.

Proposed EOR Methods

• Carbon Dioxide Injection (CO2 EOR): This method involves injecting CO2 into the reservoir. CO2 can displace oil and increase reservoir pressure, improving recovery.
  
  • Justification: CO2 EOR is suitable for reservoirs with high oil viscosity and low permeability. It has a proven track record and can be economically viable in certain situations.
• Steam Injection: Steam injection involves injecting hot steam into the reservoir to reduce oil viscosity and improve flow.
  • Justification: Steam injection is effective for reservoirs with heavy oil and high viscosity. It can increase oil production significantly but requires careful management to avoid steam channeling and energy losses.

Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Strategies

• CO2 EOR:
  
  • Impact: CO2 leakage into the atmosphere can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.
  • Mitigation: Ensure secure CO2 storage and monitoring systems to minimize leakage. Utilize CO2 captured from industrial sources to reduce the overall carbon footprint.
• Steam Injection:
  • Impact: High energy consumption and potential for steam channeling can lead to energy losses and environmental concerns.
  • Mitigation: Optimize steam injection rates and use advanced monitoring techniques to minimize steam channeling. Explore alternative energy sources to reduce the environmental impact of steam generation.