في عالم استكشاف وإنتاج النفط والغاز، فإن فهم تدفق السوائل من خلال تشكيلات الصخور المسامية أمر بالغ الأهمية. النفاذية، وهي مقياس قدرة الصخور على السماح للسوائل بالمرور عبرها، هي خاصية أساسية. ومع ذلك، عند التعامل مع التدفق متعدد الأطوار (أي تدفق سوائل متعددة مثل النفط والماء والغاز في وقت واحد)، يأتي مفهوم النفاذية الفعالة إلى الواجهة.
النفاذية الفعالة تصف نفاذية مصفوفة التكوين لسائل معين عندما تكون مرحلتان أو أكثر موجودة. هذا المفهوم حاسم لأن وجود سوائل متعددة داخل وسط مسامي يؤثر بشكل كبير على سلوك تدفق كل مرحلة فردية.
لماذا تعتبر النفاذية الفعالة مهمة؟
العوامل المؤثرة في النفاذية الفعالة:
تطبيقات النفاذية الفعالة:
يعد فهم النفاذية الفعالة أمرًا بالغ الأهمية لـ:
من خلال مراعاة التفاعل المعقد بين خصائص السوائل، وخصائص الصخور، وتشبع المراحل، يمكننا التنبؤ بدقة بسلوك تدفق المراحل الفردية في التدفق متعدد الأطوار وتحسين استراتيجيات إنتاج النفط والغاز لدينا.
Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question.
1. What is the primary difference between absolute permeability and effective permeability?
a) Absolute permeability refers to a single fluid, while effective permeability considers multiple fluids. b) Absolute permeability is measured in Darcy, while effective permeability is measured in milliDarcy. c) Absolute permeability is a theoretical concept, while effective permeability is a practical measure. d) Absolute permeability is constant, while effective permeability varies with fluid saturation.
a) Absolute permeability refers to a single fluid, while effective permeability considers multiple fluids.
2. How does the presence of multiple fluids affect the effective permeability of a phase?
a) It increases the effective permeability. b) It decreases the effective permeability. c) It has no effect on the effective permeability. d) It depends on the type of fluids present.
b) It decreases the effective permeability.
3. Which of the following factors DOES NOT influence effective permeability?
a) Fluid saturation b) Fluid viscosity c) Rock porosity d) Reservoir pressure
d) Reservoir pressure
4. What is the significance of relative permeability in understanding effective permeability?
a) It measures the flow rate of a single phase. b) It quantifies the resistance a phase encounters due to the presence of other phases. c) It determines the total permeability of the reservoir. d) It is only relevant for gas-water systems.
b) It quantifies the resistance a phase encounters due to the presence of other phases.
5. Effective permeability is a crucial factor in which of the following applications?
a) Reservoir simulation b) Well design c) Enhanced oil recovery d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Scenario: A reservoir contains oil and water, with a total porosity of 20%. The absolute permeability to oil is 100 milliDarcy. The oil saturation is 60%, and the water saturation is 40%. The relative permeability to oil at this saturation is 0.6, and the relative permeability to water is 0.3.
Task: Calculate the effective permeability to oil and water using the given data.
Effective permeability to oil = Absolute permeability to oil * Relative permeability to oil Effective permeability to oil = 100 mD * 0.6 = 60 mD Effective permeability to water = Absolute permeability to water * Relative permeability to water Since we only know the absolute permeability to oil, we need to assume that the absolute permeability to water is the same (a simplifying assumption). Effective permeability to water = 100 mD * 0.3 = 30 mD Therefore, the effective permeability to oil is 60 mD and the effective permeability to water is 30 mD.
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